Product name: Ingenol
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0765
Cas No.: 30220-46-3
Formula: C20H28O5
Mol Weight: 348.439
Botanical Source: Euphorbia lathyris L
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Diterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Ingenol, CAS number 30220-46-3, is a tetracyclic diterpenoid natural product derived from plants of the genus Ingenol. Due to its unique chemical structure and significant biological activity, it has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years. As a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, macrolide exhibits various pharmacological activities, especially in the field of anti-tumor therapy, demonstrating potential therapeutic value. It has inhibitory effects on various tumor cell lines such as prostate cancer, and works by regulating multiple signaling pathways, becoming one of the important compounds for studying new strategies for tumor treatment.
This article will provide a systematic review of the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, pharmacological evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Euphorbia macrocephala, and explore its clinical application prospects and future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for scientific research and drug development in related fields.
Giant Euphorbia is a tetracyclic diterpenoid compound with a complex cyclic terpenoid skeleton. Its chemical structure is described as 1a, 2,5,5a, 6,9,10,10-octahydro-1H-2,8a-methanocyclopenta [a] cyclopropa [e] [10] annulen-11-one, with a molecular formula of C20H28O5 and a molecular weight of 348.4390. Structurally, the giant spear alcohol is substituted with hydroxyl groups at positions 5, 5a, and 6, methyl groups at positions 1, 1, 7, and 9, a hydroxymethyl group at position 4, and an oxo group at position 1. Its stereochemical configuration is 1aR, 2S, 5R, 5aR, 6S, 8aS, 9R, 10aR, exhibiting high stereoselectivity.
In terms of physical and chemical properties, the LogP value of Euphorbia macrocephala is 1.4461, indicating its moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration. The total polar surface area (TPSA) is 97.99 Å ², indicating that its polarity is moderate and conducive to binding with biomolecules. The water solubility is 0.9142 mg/mL, which belongs to low solubility compounds, indicating the need to consider solubility improvement strategies in drug formulation development. Its blood-brain barrier permeability is low, reducing the risk of central nervous system toxicity. The hERG channel inhibition experiment showed a negative result, indicating a lower risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames test result is 0.0, indicating no significant mutagenicity.
Euphorbia spp. are mainly found in Euphorbia spp., especially Euphorbia peplus and Euphorbia tirucalli. This genus of plants is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has always been used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases and tumors.
The common methods for extracting Euphorbiamol include solvent extraction, column chromatography separation, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as the initial extraction solvent, and the extraction efficiency is improved by ultrasound assisted extraction or reflux extraction. The crude extract was separated by silica gel column chromatography and further purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) monitoring to obtain high-purity Euphorbiamol. In recent years, supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technologies have also been applied to improve extraction efficiency and purity.
In addition, with the development of synthetic biology and chemical synthesis technology, the total synthesis and semi synthesis methods of Euphorbiamol have gradually matured, providing the possibility for its large-scale preparation.
As a PKC activator, Jujinchun exhibits various biological activities, especially in the field of anti-tumor research where it has been extensively studied. Its main pharmacological activities include:
Antitumor activity
Giant Euphorbia has inhibitory effects on various tumor cell lines, especially prostate cancer cells. In vitro experiments have shown that it can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and block cell cycle progression. Its anti-tumor effect is partially attributed to the activation of PKC, which regulates downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK, STAT3, etc., affecting cell survival and proliferation.
Immune regulatory effect
By activating PKC, magnolol can regulate immune cell function and promote immune response. Research has shown that it can enhance the activity of macrophages and T cells, and improve anti-tumor immune response.
Antiviral activity
Some studies have found that macrolide has inhibitory effects on certain viruses, possibly by regulating host cell signaling pathways to block virus replication.
Potential for treating skin diseases
The derivatives of macrolide have been used to treat skin cancer and psoriasis, showing good local application effects.
The core mechanism of action of macrolide is to activate members of the PKC family and regulate intracellular signaling. PKC is an important serine/threonine protein kinase involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response.
The key molecular targets affected by macrolide in prostate cancer include:
Giant Euphorbia is activated by PKC to regulate the expression and activity of the aforementioned targets, thereby affecting the growth, apoptosis, and drug resistance of tumor cells. In addition, PKC activation can promote changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration, regulate cytoskeleton reorganization and migration ability, and affect tumor metastasis.
The medicinal properties of giant halberd alcohol show certain advantages and challenges:
Further systematic pharmacokinetic studies are needed in the future, including assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, as well as toxicology research, to improve the drug efficacy evaluation system.
As a natural source of PKC activator, Jujichun has significant anti-tumor potential, especially in the field of prostate cancer treatment, showing unique advantages. It overcomes the limitations of traditional single target drugs through multi-target and multi pathway synergistic effects, and has broad clinical application prospects.
At present, Giant Euphorbia and its derivatives have entered some preclinical research stages, and some formulations have shown good efficacy in the treatment of local skin diseases. Future research directions include:
As a unique natural product of tetracyclic diterpenes, Euphorbia macrocephala has shown great potential as a novel anti-tumor drug due to its specific chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity. It activates and regulates multiple signaling pathways through PKC, affecting the proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of tumor cells, providing new ideas for tumor treatment.
Although there are still certain challenges in extraction, purification, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications, with the development of modern medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and pharmaceutical technology, the research and application prospects of Jujichun are broad. In the future, in-depth mechanism research, structural optimization, and clinical validation will promote the transition of Jujichun from laboratory to clinical use, benefiting more patients.
