Product name: Isoforsythiaside
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0782
Cas No.: 1357910-26-9
Formula: C29H36O15
Mol Weight: 624.592
Botanical Source:
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Phenylpropanoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams, up to kilograms
Inquire for bulk scale.
Descriptions:
Isoforsythiaside, a novel phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Forsythia suspensa, has antioxidant effect and antibacterial activity, may be as the alternative antioxidants and antibacterial agents from natural origin.[1]
References:
[1] Qu H, Zhang Y, Chai X, et al. Bioorg Chem, 2012, 40(1):87-91.
[2] Pei X, Zhang S, Yan Y, et al. Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs, 2011, 25(5):438-40.
HPLC of Isoforsythiaside
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Isoforsythiaside is an important active ingredient in a class of natural products, which has received widespread attention in recent years due to its significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. As a glycoside compound with multiple biological activities, isoforsythian glycoside has shown great potential for application in the development of natural medicine resources and the research of new anti infective drugs. It exhibits strong inhibitory effects on various pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and involves multiple key targets in antiviral mechanisms, demonstrating broad pharmacological value. This article provides a systematic review of the chemical structure, sources, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological evaluation of isoforsythian glycosides, aiming to provide theoretical basis for their clinical development and drug design.
The molecular formula of isoforsythian glycosides is C30H38O14, with a molecular weight of 624.5920. The structure contains multiple ester groups and glycosidic bonds, exhibiting complex polyphenolic and glycosidic structural characteristics. Its LogP value is 0.3656, indicating that the molecule has a good balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, which is conducive to absorption and distribution in vivo. The total polar surface area (TPSA) is as high as 245.29 Å ², indicating strong molecular polarity that may affect cell membrane permeability and blood-brain barrier penetration ability. Good water solubility (4.9826) is beneficial for the development of formulations and the improvement of in vivo bioavailability.
The chemical structure of isoforsythian glycoside endows it with excellent antioxidant properties, mainly due to its ability to scavenge free radicals from polyphenolic hydroxyl groups. At the same time, the ester glycoside structure helps maintain molecular stability and biological activity. Its low blood-brain barrier permeability and lack of hERG inhibition demonstrate good safety and low risk of cardiac toxicity. In addition, the Ames test result was 0.0, indicating that the compound has no significant genotoxicity, laying a good safety foundation for clinical application.
IsoForsythia suspensa glycoside is mainly found in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Forsythia suspensa, and is one of its important active ingredients. Forsythia suspensa is a plant belonging to the Oleaceae family and the Forsythia genus, widely distributed in China and East Asia. It has always been used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas for clearing heat, detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial purposes. The content of isoforsythian glycosides is relatively abundant in Forsythia suspensa fruits and leaves, and its content is significantly affected by plant growth environment, harvesting time, and processing technology.
Solvent extraction is commonly used to extract isoforsythian glycosides, usually using ethanol or methanol as extraction solvents, and improving extraction efficiency through ultrasound assisted extraction or reflux extraction. The extraction solution is concentrated, separated and purified, and commonly separated by column chromatography techniques such as silica gel column and reverse phase C18 column. Finally, it is identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In recent years, the application of supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technology has gradually improved the extraction purity and yield of isoforsythian glycosides, providing technical support for their large-scale production.
IsoForsythian glycoside exhibits significant antioxidant capacity, effectively clearing free radicals and reducing cell damage caused by oxidative stress. In vitro experiments have shown that the compound can inhibit lipid peroxidation, protect cell membrane structure stability, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Its antioxidant mechanism mainly relies on the direct capture of free radicals by polyphenol hydroxyl groups and the chelating ability of metal ions, thereby slowing down the oxidation chain reaction. The antioxidant activity makes it potentially valuable in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation related pathological states.
Isocoumarin has shown good inhibitory effects on various common clinical pathogenic bacteria. Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is 40.83 μ g/mL, and its MIC against S. aureus is 81.66 μ g/mL, demonstrating strong activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. This antibacterial effect may be achieved by disrupting the structure of bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting cell wall synthesis, or interfering with bacterial metabolic pathways.
In addition, isoforsythian glycosides exhibit synergistic effects in combination therapy, enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of traditional antibiotics and reducing the risk of developing drug-resistant strains. Its broad antibacterial spectrum and low toxicity provide important clues for the development of new anti infective drugs.
Isoforsythian glycoside has also shown potential in antiviral research, especially in inhibiting key targets of various viruses. Related targets include myeloperoxidase (MPO), herpes virus UL42, UL54 proteins, ICP27 protein, thymidine kinase (TK), herpes virus glycoprotein D (gD), as well as HIV virus related CCR5, CXCR4 receptors, HIV-1 protease (HIV1-PR), and integrase (INT).
By interfering with these targets, isoforsythian glycosides can inhibit the replication, assembly, and infection processes of the virus, reducing the pathological damage caused by viral infection. Especially in HIV infection models, the regulatory effects on CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors provide a molecular basis for their anti HIV activity. Its multi-target mode of action provides new ideas for the design of antiviral drugs.
The pharmacological mechanisms of isoforsythian glycosides are complex and diverse, covering multiple levels of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Its antioxidant effect is mainly achieved by clearing free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and regulating the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system. At the molecular level, isoforsythian glycoside can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, promote the expression of antioxidant genes, and enhance the ability of cells to resist oxidative damage.
In terms of antibacterial mechanism, isoforsythian glycosides disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, interfere with cell wall synthesis and protein synthesis, leading to hindered bacterial growth. In addition, its inhibitory effect on bacterial metabolic enzymes has also been reported, further deepening the understanding of antibacterial mechanisms.
The antiviral effect involves multiple key targets, and isoforsythian glycoside directly binds to viral proteins or regulates host cell receptors to block virus invasion and replication processes. For example, targeting the UL42 and UL54 proteins of herpes virus, isoforsythian glycoside inhibits viral DNA polymerase activity and blocks viral gene replication. Regulating HIV related receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 to inhibit virus entry into host cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of isoforsythian glycoside on HIV protease and integrase hinders virus maturation and gene integration, demonstrating multi-target antiviral potential.
The pharmacological parameters of isoforsythian glycoside show that it has good potential for drug development. Although the molecular weight of 624.5920 is slightly higher than the ideal oral drug standard, its moderate LogP (0.3656) and good water solubility (4.9826) are beneficial for in vivo absorption and distribution. A high TPSA value (245.29 Å ²) suggests strong polarity, which may limit its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, consistent with experimental data of low blood-brain barrier permeability.
In terms of safety, isoforsythian glycoside has no hERG channel inhibitory effect, reducing the risk of cardiac toxicity. The negative result of Ames test further confirms that there is no significant genotoxicity. Overall, these characteristics provide good safety guarantees for its clinical application.
At present, there is limited research on the pharmacokinetics of isoforsythian glycoside. Preliminary in vivo experiments have shown that its oral bioavailability is moderate, and it is mainly metabolized through the liver metabolic enzyme system. The activity and excretion pathways of metabolites still need to be further studied. In the future, a systematic evaluation of its in vivo dynamics, metabolic stability, and drug interactions should be strengthened to guide the development of clinical medication plans.
Due to its multiple pharmacological activities, isoforsythian glycosides have shown broad clinical application prospects, especially in the fields of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Its excellent antibacterial activity provides new drug candidate molecules in the context of increasingly severe antibiotic resistance, especially with significant inhibitory effects on Gram negative bacteria, and has the potential to develop new anti infective drugs.
In terms of antiviral effects, the action of isoforsythian glycoside on multiple key viral targets provides new ideas for antiviral drug design, especially in the adjuvant therapy of HIV and herpes virus infections, which has application value. In the future, modern drug design technology can be combined to optimize its structure, improve targeting and bioavailability.
In addition, the antioxidant properties of isoforsythian glycosides make them potentially applicable for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. By combining with other drugs, it is expected to exert synergistic effects and improve treatment efficacy.
However, the clinical research on isoforsythian glycosides is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of systematic clinical trial data. Future research should focus on its pharmacokinetics, toxicology evaluation, and clinical efficacy verification to promote its clinical translation.
As a natural product compound, isoforsythian glycoside has shown extensive potential for drug development due to its unique chemical structure and diverse pharmacological activities. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral mechanisms are diverse, involving multiple molecular targets, providing rich theoretical and practical basis for the development of new drugs. The drug efficacy evaluation shows that it has good safety and drug properties, laying the foundation for clinical application.
In the future, with the advancement of extraction and purification technology and in-depth analysis of pharmacological mechanisms, isoforsythian glycosides are expected to become important candidate molecules in the fields of natural medicine and anti infective drugs. The pharmacokinetics and clinical research of the system will be the key to promoting its clinical translation. Overall, isoforsythian glycosides have broad development prospects in the fields of natural product pharmacology and drug development, and are worthy of further in-depth research and application promotion.
