Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
55.7600
3.8800
3.5000
High
No
No
No
No
Yes
Negative
AlloImperatorin (CAS number: 642-05-7) is a natural coumarin compound mainly isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Angelica dahurica. As an important member of the psoralen family, berberine has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years due to its unique structure and significant biological activity. A large number of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that resveratrol has good anti-tumor activity, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell models. In addition, Bie Ou Qian Hu Su has shown potential for regulating multiple molecular targets related to heart failure, demonstrating its application prospects in the field of cardiovascular disease.
This article will provide a systematic review of the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources, and extraction methods of resveratrol, with a focus on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. Combined with pharmacological evaluation and pharmacokinetic data, the possibility of its clinical application and future research directions will be explored, aiming to provide theoretical basis and research references for the drug development of this natural product.
Bie Ou Qian Hu Su belongs to the linear coumarin class compounds, with a chemical formula of C16H14O4 and a molecular weight of 270.28. The core of its structure is the psoralen skeleton, which contains a benzene ring and a furan ring, connected by an oxygen bridge to form a typical coumarin structure. The LogP value of berberine is 3.88, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for membrane penetration and bioavailability. Its polar surface area (TPSA) is 55.76 Å ² and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors is 4, indicating its hydrophilicity and binding ability in intermolecular interactions.
In terms of physical and chemical properties, berberine exhibits good stability and is easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and dichloromethane, but difficult to dissolve in water. Its molecular structure contains multiple conjugated double bonds and phenolic hydroxyl groups, endowing it with strong biological activity and photosensitivity. It is worth noting that resveratrol has a high blood-brain barrier penetration ability, suggesting its potential application in central nervous system diseases.
The main source of berberine is Angelica dahurica, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely distributed in East Asia. The roots of Fructus Psorale are rich in various coumarin compounds, among which the content of berberine is relatively abundant. Traditionally, psoralen has been used to treat rheumatic pain, headaches, and skin diseases, and its efficacy is closely related to coumarin components.
The common methods for extracting berberine include solvent extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, and liquid chromatography separation. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as the extraction solvent to obtain high-purity berberine through multi-step extraction and separation purification. In recent years, the application of supercritical CO2 extraction technology and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods has improved the extraction efficiency and purity, reduced impurity interference, and provided technical support for the large-scale preparation of berberine.
Bie Ou Qian Hu Su has shown significant anti proliferative effects in various tumor cell lines, especially exhibiting strong cytotoxicity in HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cells. In vitro experiments have shown that buxorubicin can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, disrupt the cell cycle, and inhibit cell migration and invasion ability. The mechanism of its anti-tumor activity involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including mitochondrial pathway activation, downregulation of cell cycle key protein expression, and upregulation of pro apoptotic factors.
In addition, buxorubicin also has photosensitivity, which can enhance the hemolytic effect of red blood cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT), indicating its potential application value in photodynamic therapy. This feature provides new ideas for tumor treatment, especially in combination therapy strategies where it has advantages.
In addition to its anti-tumor activity, resveratrol has shown certain protective effects in cardiovascular disease models such as heart failure. By regulating multiple key targets such as AMPK (PRKAA1), EHMT2, APP, PTPN1, MAOA, etc., buprofezin can improve myocardial energy metabolism, alleviate oxidative stress, inhibit myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory response, thereby delaying the progression of heart failure.
Its regulation of multidrug resistance related proteins such as ABCB1 and ABCG2 also suggests that resveratrol may play a role in improving drug tolerance and enhancing cardiovascular drug efficacy.
The pharmacological mechanism of resveratrol is complex, involving the regulation of multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways.
Inducing cell apoptosis Bie Ou Qian Hu Su activates the mitochondrial dependent apoptosis pathway, promotes cytochrome C release, activates the caspase cascade reaction, and ultimately leads to tumor cell apoptosis. It can also regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, promote upregulation of pro apoptotic proteins, and inhibit anti apoptotic proteins.
cell cycle arrest Bie Ou Qian Hu Su can downregulate the expression of cell cycle proteins (Cyclin) and cycle dependent kinases (CDK), block the progression of the cell cycle in G0/G1 or G2/M phases, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
Inhibit cell migration and invasion By regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related signaling pathways, resveratrol inhibits the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells, reducing the risk of metastasis.
Regulating energy metabolism and oxidative stress Bu Ou Qian Hu Su activates the AMPK signaling pathway, promotes energy metabolism balance, reduces oxidative damage to myocardial cells, and plays a protective role in the heart.
Multi target regulation Bie Ou Qian Hu Su has a regulatory effect on targets such as EHMT2 (a histone methyltransferase), APP (amyloid precursor protein), PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B), MAOA (monoamine oxidase A), etc., affecting cell signaling, metabolism, and inflammatory response.
The pharmacological evaluation of buxorubicin shows good potential for drug development. Its molecular weight is moderate (270.28), with a LogP value of 3.88, which conforms to Lipinski's rule and suggests good oral bioavailability. TPSA is 55.76 Å ², suitable for cell membrane penetration, and has 4 hydrogen bond receptors, which is conducive to binding with target proteins.
Toxicological evaluations have shown that buxorubicin has a low risk of liver toxicity, no significant cardiac toxicity, and does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the possibility of drug-induced arrhythmia. The Ames test result is negative, indicating that it has no mutagenicity.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, buxorubicin has a high blood-brain barrier penetration ability, indicating its potential in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Its metabolism is stable in the body, and its excretion pathway is mainly through liver metabolism. Its half-life is moderate, making it suitable for further development of drug formulations.
Based on the multiple activities of buxorubicin in anti-tumor and cardiovascular protection, its clinical development prospects are broad. Especially in the adjuvant therapy of malignant tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia, buxorubicin can serve as a potential chemotherapy enhancer or photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Its ability to regulate multidrug resistance proteins also provides a new strategy for overcoming tumor drug resistance.
In the field of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, resveratrol may become a candidate molecule for novel cardiac protective drugs by regulating myocardial metabolism and inflammation through multiple targets. In the future, its efficacy and safety need to be further validated through animal models and clinical trials.
In addition, the blood-brain barrier penetration of resveratrol suggests its potential application value in neurodegenerative diseases, and it is worth conducting relevant research.
Future research should focus on optimizing the drug formulation of berberine, clarifying its metabolic pathways and pharmacological characteristics in vivo, conducting systematic toxicological evaluations and preclinical studies, and promoting its clinical translation.
As a natural coumarin compound derived from Fructus Psorale, berberine has shown broad application prospects in the fields of anti-tumor and cardiovascular disease treatment due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity. Its good pharmaceutical properties and safety have laid a solid foundation for subsequent drug development. In the future, through in-depth mechanism research and clinical validation, Bie Ou Qian Hu Su is expected to become an important candidate molecule in the development of natural product drugs, providing new strategies and means for the treatment of related diseases.
