Product name: Saikogenin F
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP2126
Cas No.: 14356-59-3
Formula: C30H48O4
Mol Weight: 472.71
Botanical Source: Bupleuri Radix
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Saikogenin F
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
69.9200
5.1527
5.1527
.0010
5.3390
10.6939
High
88.2254
6.4236
No
No
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Saikogenin F, CAS number 14356-59-3, is an important triterpene saponin natural product derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Bupleurum spp. As the main herb in classic TCM formulas, Bupleurum has long been used for various therapeutic purposes, including reducing fever, anti-inflammation, and regulating immune function. In recent years, with advances in natural product pharmacology and molecular biology technologies, Bupleurum Sagenin F has attracted widespread attention due to its remarkable anticancer activity and antipyretic effects. This article aims to systematically review the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and druggability evaluation of Bupleurum Saponin F, exploring its potential and clinical application prospects in modern drug development.
Bupleurum saponin F belongs to the triterpene saponin class of compounds, with a molecular formula of C30H48O5 and a molecular weight of 472.71. Its structure is based on a pentacyclic triterpene framework and exhibits typical steroid-like triterpene characteristics. The LogP value of Bupleurum saponin F is 5.1527, indicating strong lipid solubility, and the TPSA (Topological Polar Surface Area) is 69.92 Ų, indicating moderate polarity that facilitates cell membrane penetration. Its water solubility is extremely low (0.0010 mg/mL), which poses certain challenges to its bioavailability. Notably, Bupleurum saponin F has a high ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, suggesting its potential role in central nervous system diseases. This compound does not exhibit hERG channel inhibitory effects, and the Ames-induced mutagenic test result is 0.0, indicating high safety and promising drug development potential.
Bupleurum saponin F is mainly found in Bupleurum species, especially in the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Bupleurum is widely distributed in northern China and East Asia. Its roots are rich in triterpene saponin compounds, among which Bupleurum saponin F is one of the important active ingredients.
The extraction method typically uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation technology. The specific process includes: first, crude extraction using ethanol or methanol, followed by removal of impurities by liquid-liquid distribution, and further purification by silica gel column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction technologies have also been applied to improve the extraction efficiency and purity of Bupleurum saponin F. Additionally, identification methods mainly rely on modern analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) to ensure the structural accuracy of compounds.
The anticancer effect of Bupleurum Sagenin F is one of its most notable pharmacological properties. In vitro cell experiments show that Bupleurum saponin F can significantly inhibit the proliferation of various tumor cell lines, including breast cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer cells. Its anti-tumor mechanism involves inducing apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle progression, and inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion capabilities.
Animal model studies further confirmed that Bupleurum saponin F exerts anti-tumor effects by regulating immune cell activity and inflammatory factor expression in the tumor microenvironment. Some studies indicate that Bupleurum Saponin F can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce chemotherapy-related side effects, demonstrating its potential value in combination therapy.
Bupleurum saponin F also shows good activity in antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. By regulating the expression of inflammatory mediators in the body, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2), Bupleurum saponin F can effectively reduce fever responses. Additionally, its regulation of multiple molecular targets such as estrogen receptor (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), and oxytocin (OXT) suggests that it may achieve antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects through multi-target synergistic effects.
The pharmacological mechanism of Bupleurum saponin F is complex, involving multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets. Current research indicates that its main targets include:
In terms of anticancer effects, Bupleurum saponin F promotes tumor cell apoptosis and suppresses proliferation by activating apoptosis-related proteins (such as the Caspase family), inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, and modulating the MAPK/ERK pathway. Additionally, its inhibition of tumor cell migration and invasion may be closely related to the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression.
The druggability evaluation of Bupleurum Saponin F shows that it has certain advantages and challenges. Its molecular weight of 472.71 and LogP 5.15 indicate high lipid solubility, which benefits cell membrane permeability, but its lower water solubility (0.0010 mg/mL) may limit oral absorption and bioavailability. High blood-brain barrier permeability offers potential applications in neurological diseases, but potential central nervous system side effects must also be considered.
In terms of safety, Bupleurum saponin F did not show hERG channel inhibition, suggesting a low risk of cardiotoxicity; A negative Ames test further supports its genotoxic safety. Pharmacokinetic research is still in its early stages. Current data indicate that Bupleurum saponin F is widely distributed in the body, metabolized mainly through hepatic enzyme systems, has a moderate half-life, and possesses certain pharmacokinetic advantages.
Future research needs to further improve oral bioavailability enhancement strategies, such as nanocarriers, liposomal encapsulation, and structural modification, to optimize its pharmacokinetic properties and clinical application potential.
Bupleurum saponin F, as a multi-target, multifunctional natural product, has broad clinical application prospects. Its remarkable anticancer activity makes it a promising candidate in cancer therapy, especially in combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy with potential synergistic effects. In addition, the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Bupleurum saponin F provide a theoretical basis for its application in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
With the deepening pharmacological research of natural products, the mechanism of action of Bupleurum Saponin F will become clearer, and improvements in related structure and pharmaceutical formulation technology are expected to overcome its limitations of poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In the future, combined with modern molecular pharmacology and clinical pharmacology research, Bupleurum Sagenin F is expected to be transformed into a safe and effective new drug.
In addition, the potential application of Bupleurum Saponin F in neurological diseases is also worth attention, especially its good blood-brain barrier penetration, which may offer new ideas for treating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research will drive Bupleurum Sagenin F from the laboratory to clinical practice.
Bupleurum saponin F, an important triterpene saponin component in Bupleurum, demonstrates significant anticancer and antipyretic effects due to its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities. Its mechanism of action involves multi-target regulation, demonstrating the advantages of multi-target synergistic treatment of natural products. Despite challenges in water solubility and bioavailability, its good safety and blood-brain barrier penetration provide a solid foundation for its druggability.
In the future, through in-depth pharmacological mechanism research, pharmacokinetic optimization, and preclinical evaluation, Bupleurum Sagenin F is expected to become an important candidate for natural product drug development, providing new strategies for the treatment of tumors and inflammation-related diseases. The modern development and application of natural products will further promote the scientific utilization and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicinal resources.
