Product name: 3α-Hydroxymogrol
Synonym name: 19-Norlanost-5-ene-3,11,24,25-tetrol, 9-methyl-, (3α,9β,10α,11α,24R)-
Catalogue No.: BP2050
Cas No.: 1343402-73-2
Formula: C30H52O4
Mol Weight: 476.742
Botanical Source: Siraitiae fructus
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
As the incidence rate of diabetes continues to rise, searching for efficient and safe new anti diabetes drugs has become an important direction of global drug research and development. Natural products, as important resources for drug discovery, have attracted much attention due to their structural diversity and biological activity. 3 α - hydroxymogrol (CAS No. 1343402-73-2) is a natural triterpenoid compound isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii. In recent years, its remarkable anti diabetes activity has aroused extensive research interest. This article will systematically review the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, plant origin and extraction methods of 3 α - hydroxy siranol, focus on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, evaluate its pharmaceutical properties and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and look forward to its clinical application potential.
3 α - hydroxysiranol belongs to triterpenoid compounds, with molecular formula of C30H48O5 and molecular weight of 476.7420. Its structure is based on the siraitol skeleton, and has 3 α - hydroxy modification. The LogP value of this compound is 5.5202, indicating strong lipid solubility; The topological polar surface area (TPSA) is 80.92 Å ², indicating moderate affinity in polar environments. Very low water solubility (0.0015 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in aqueous phase, which may affect oral absorption. The blood-brain barrier has a lower ability to penetrate, reducing the risk of central nervous system side effects. The negative result of hERG channel inhibition experiment indicates a low risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames mutagenicity test result is 0.0, indicating a low risk of genetic toxicity.
The three-dimensional conformation and functional group distribution of chemical structures have a crucial impact on their biological activity. The presence of the 3 α - hydroxy group not only enhances the polarity and hydrogen bonding ability of the molecule, but may also participate in binding with target proteins, enhancing their biological activity. The hydrophobicity of the overall structure helps to penetrate the cell membrane and achieve effective targeting of intracellular targets.
3 α - hydroxy siraitia grosvenorii is mainly found in the fruits of siraitia grosvenorii, a cucurbitaceae plant, which is traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, pharyngitis, diabetes and other diseases. Momordica grosvenorii is rich in a variety of triterpene sweet ingredients, of which 3 α - hydroxy siranol, as one of the important active ingredients, has significant biological functions.
The extraction method usually uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation technology. Common extraction solvents include methanol, ethanol, and their aqueous solutions. The extraction process generally includes the following steps:
In recent years, emerging technologies such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) have been applied to improve extraction efficiency and purity, providing technical support for large-scale production.
The pharmacological activity of 3 α - hydroxysiranol mainly focuses on its anti diabetes effect. Both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal experiments have shown that the compound can significantly improve glucose metabolism disorders, lower blood glucose levels, and enhance insulin sensitivity.
In islet β cell lines and hepatocyte models, 3 α - hydroxy siranol promotes glucose uptake, enhances insulin signaling pathway activity, and significantly increases the expression and translocation of glucose transporters (such as GLUT4/SLC2A4). Meanwhile, the compound inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity, prolongs the half-life of insulin secreting hormone GLP-1, and indirectly promotes insulin secretion.
In diabetes animal models (such as high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes mice and streptozotocin induced diabetes rats), 3 α - hydroxy rositol significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose, and improved the results of glucose tolerance test (OGTT). It can also reduce plasma insulin resistance indicators, alleviate liver steatosis and pancreatic beta cell damage. In addition, the compound has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, reducing chronic inflammatory reaction related to diabetes.
In addition to anti diabetes, some studies have shown that 3 α - hydroxy siraitol has certain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protection potential, providing support for its multi-target pharmacological activity.
3 α - hydroxysiranol plays an anti diabetes role through a variety of molecular targets and signal pathways, mainly involving the following aspects:
AMPK, as a key regulatory factor in cellular energy metabolism, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. 3 α - hydroxysiranol activates AMPK (PRKAA1 subunit), promotes glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, and improves insulin resistance. AMPK activation also inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduces blood glucose production.
SGLT2 is located in the renal proximal tubules and is responsible for glucose reabsorption. 3 α - hydroxysiranol can promote urinary glucose excretion and reduce blood glucose level by inhibiting SGLT2 activity, similar to existing SGLT2 inhibitors.
GCK is a key enzyme in liver and pancreatic beta cells that regulates glucose metabolism. 3 α - hydroxy siranol enhances GCK activity and promotes phosphorylation and utilization of glucose.
PPAR γ regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. This compound activates PPAR γ, improves adipose tissue function, and reduces insulin resistance.
AKT1 is the core node of the insulin signaling pathway. 3 α - hydroxysiranol promotes AKT1 phosphorylation, activates PI3K/AKT signal, and enhances glucose uptake and metabolism.
By inhibiting DPP4, prolonging the activity of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), promoting insulin secretion, and regulating blood sugar.
3 α - hydroxysiranol enhances IRS1 phosphorylation, promotes insulin signal transduction, promotes SLC2A4 expression and membrane translocation, and improves glucose uptake.
PIK3R1, as a regulatory subunit of PI3K complex, participates in insulin signaling transduction. This compound promotes the activation of downstream signaling pathways by regulating the activity of PIK3R1.
To sum up, 3 α - hydroxysiranol can regulate glucose metabolism and insulin signal through multi target and multi pathway synergistic action, and play a comprehensive anti diabetes effect.
The LogP value of 3 α - hydroxy siranol is high (5.52), indicating that it has strong fat solubility, but very low water solubility (0.0015 mg/mL), which may limit its oral bioavailability. The TPSA is 80.92 Å ², which is within the ideal range for drug molecules to penetrate the cell membrane. Low blood-brain barrier penetration ability reduces the risk of central nervous system toxicity. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames test result is 0, indicating a low risk of genetic toxicity.
In a word, 3 α - hydroxy siranol has good safety and potential pharmaceutical properties, but its water solubility and oral absorption characteristics need to be optimized.
At present, the pharmacokinetic study of 3 α - hydroxysiranol is relatively limited. Preliminary animal experiments have shown that its oral absorption is slow and its bioavailability is limited, which may be related to its low water solubility and high lipid solubility. The distribution in the body is mainly concentrated in the liver and kidneys, which is consistent with its target of action. The metabolic pathway has not been fully elucidated, and it is speculated to be metabolized through the liver cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Excretion is mainly through bile and urine.
In the future, systematic pharmacokinetic studies need to be conducted, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, to clarify their in vivo behavior and provide a basis for clinical development.
As a natural triterpene compound, 3 α - hydroxy siranol has broad clinical application prospects due to its multi target anti diabetes effect and good safety. It can effectively improve glucose metabolism disorder by activating AMPK, inhibiting SGLT2, regulating insulin signaling pathway and other multiple mechanisms, and is suitable for adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Future research directions include:
As an important triterpenoid active ingredient in Siraitia grosvenorii, 3 α - hydroxy siraitol shows significant anti diabetes activity and good safety. Its multi target and multi mechanism mode of action provides a new idea for the treatment of diabetes. Although there are still some deficiencies in pharmacokinetics and clinical research, 3 α - hydroxy siranol is expected to become an important candidate for the development of natural anti diabetes drugs through dosage form improvement and structural optimization. Future in-depth research will help promote its clinical transformation and benefit the majority of diabetes patients.
