Product name: Otophylloside T
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP5198
Cas No.: 1642306-14-6
Formula: C48H70O18
Mol Weight: 935.07
Botanical Source: Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid.
Type of Compound: Steroids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Otophylloid T, a natural product with significant biological activity, has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology in recent years. As a glycoside compound with a complex structure, Qingyang ginseng glycoside T exhibits unique pharmacological activity in immune regulation, involving multiple key signaling pathways and immune regulatory targets. The balance of the immune system is crucial for maintaining body health and defending against foreign pathogens, while immune dysfunction is closely related to various diseases such as autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and tumors. Qingyang ginseng glycoside T exhibits the potential to regulate immune responses by regulating multiple key molecules including TLR4, STAT3, NFKB1, etc., and has high clinical translational value.
The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources, and extraction methods of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T, with a focus on its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T are analyzed based on its pharmacological parameters. Finally, the clinical application prospects and future development directions are explored, providing theoretical basis and reference for research in related fields.
The molecular formula of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T is C47H72O19, with a molecular weight of 935.0700, and it belongs to the natural product of high molecular weight glycosides. Its structural characteristics include a steroid skeleton connected by multiple sugar groups, with high polarity and multiple hydroxyl functional groups, endowing it with strong water solubility and biological activity. Its LogP value is 2.2473, indicating that Qingyang ginseng glycoside T has moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for membrane penetration. However, due to its high polarity (TPSA of 258.82 Å ²), its passive diffusion ability is somewhat limited.
The water solubility of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T is 0.0710 mg/mL, indicating its low solubility in water, but its bioavailability can be improved through appropriate formulation techniques. Its blood-brain barrier permeability is low, indicating limited distribution of the compound in the central nervous system. It is worth noting that Qingyang ginseng glycoside T does not exhibit hERG channel inhibition, and the Ames mutagenicity test result is 0, indicating its high safety and good pharmacological basis.
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T mainly comes from plants of the Qingyang ginseng genus, especially Otophyllum species, which are widely distributed in some regions of China and widely used in traditional medicine. Qingyang ginseng glycoside T, as one of the main active ingredients in this genus of plants, usually exists in the roots, stems, and leaves of plants.
The common methods for extracting Qingyang ginseng glycoside T include organic solvent extraction and chromatographic separation techniques. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as the extraction solvent, and the extraction efficiency is improved by reflux extraction or ultrasound assisted extraction. After concentration, the extract was separated and purified using methods such as silica gel column chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In recent years, the application of supercritical CO2 extraction and membrane separation technology has also provided new ideas for the efficient extraction of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T. The purified Qingyang ginseng glycoside T was structurally identified by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other methods to ensure its purity and accuracy of active ingredients.
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T has shown significant immunomodulatory activity in various in vitro and in vivo models. Its main pharmacological effects include regulating immune cell function, inhibiting inflammatory response, promoting immune tolerance, and regulating cytokine expression.
Immune cell regulation
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T can regulate the proportion of T cell subsets, promote the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells (Treg), enhance immune tolerance, and alleviate autoimmune reactions. At the same time, Qingyang ginseng glycoside T promotes the secretion of IFN - γ by effector T cells, enhancing the body's disease resistance. Its regulatory effect on CTL4 and STAT4 helps maintain immune balance and prevent excessive activation of the immune system.
anti-inflammatory effect
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T significantly reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-2 and TGFB1 by inhibiting the NFKB1 and TLR4 signaling pathways, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response. Its regulatory effect on STAT3 further inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators and reduces tissue damage.
Antitumor potential
Some studies have shown that Qingyang ginseng glycoside T can enhance the body's immune surveillance ability against tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth by regulating the immune microenvironment. Its immune regulatory mechanism provides new ideas for tumor immunotherapy.
Other pharmacological effects
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T also exhibits certain antioxidant and cell protective effects, which can alleviate cell damage caused by oxidative stress and promote tissue repair.
The immunomodulatory effect of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T depends on its regulation of multiple key molecular targets, mainly involving the following signaling pathways:
TLR4 signaling pathway
As an important receptor of innate immunity, TLR4 recognizes pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), activates downstream NFKB1 signaling, and induces the expression of inflammatory factors. Qingyang ginseng glycoside T achieves anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TLR4 activity, reducing nuclear translocation of NFKB1, and decreasing the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-2 and TGFB1.
STAT family signaling pathway
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T regulates the activity of STAT3 and STAT4, affecting cytokine signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 helps alleviate the immunosuppressive state of chronic inflammation and tumor microenvironment, while activation of STAT4 promotes cellular immune response and enhances disease resistance.
Regulatory T cell related targets
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T promotes the expression of FOXP3, enhances the function of regulatory T cells, maintains immune tolerance, and prevents immune system overreaction. In addition, Qingyang ginseng glycoside T regulates the expression of CTLA4, further regulating immune checkpoints and balancing immune activation and inhibition.
Cytokine regulation
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T affects the expression of IL10 and IFNG. IL10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, participates in inflammation relief, while IFNG promotes the activation and killing function of immune cells. By regulating these two cytokines, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T achieves dynamic balance of the immune system.
In summary, Qingyang ginseng glycoside T exhibits a complex and sophisticated immune regulatory mechanism through multi-target and multi pathway synergistic effects.
The pharmacological parameters of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T indicate that it has certain potential for drug development. Although the molecular weight is relatively large (935.07 Da), a moderate LogP (2.2473) is beneficial for cell membrane penetration. A higher TPSA (258.82 Å ²) suggests strong polarity and may limit oral absorption, but drug formulation optimization can improve bioavailability.
Low water solubility (0.0710 mg/mL) is a major challenge for its drug development, requiring the use of advanced formulation technologies such as nanocarriers, liposomes, or solid dispersions to enhance solubility and stability. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier indicates its limited role in the central nervous system, but it also reduces the risk of central nervous system toxicity.
In terms of safety, Qingyang ginseng glycoside T does not inhibit hERG channels and reduces the risk of cardiac toxicity; The Ames test is negative, indicating no significant mutagenicity and high safety.
At present, the pharmacokinetic study of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T is still in its preliminary stage, and the metabolic pathways and clearance mechanisms in vivo need further clarification. In the future, systematic pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies are needed to provide scientific basis for clinical applications.
Given the significant activity of Qingyang ginseng glycoside T in the field of immune regulation, it has broad application prospects in the treatment of various immune related diseases. Specifically, it includes:
Autoimmune diseases
By regulating Treg cells and inhibiting inflammatory factors, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T is expected to be used as an adjuvant therapy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, reducing abnormal activation of the immune system.
Chronic inflammatory diseases
For conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and asthma, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T reduces inflammation and improves disease symptoms by inhibiting the TLR4/NFKB1 pathway.
Tumor immunotherapy
Qingyang ginseng glycoside T regulates the immune microenvironment, enhances anti-tumor immune response, and may serve as an adjuvant drug for immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve tumor treatment efficacy.
Immune function regulation
In a state of immune dysfunction or immune disorder, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T can regulate immune balance and promote immune recovery in the body.
In the future, with in-depth research on its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T is expected to become a new type of immunomodulatory drug through structural optimization and formulation improvement. In addition, combining modern biotechnology such as nanomedicine carriers and targeted delivery systems will further enhance their clinical application value.
Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T, as a natural product with complex structure and multi-target immune regulatory activity, exhibits broad pharmacological potential and good safety. It exerts anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, and anti-tumor effects by regulating key molecules such as TLR4, STAT3, and NFKB1, affecting immune cell function and cytokine expression. Although there are certain challenges in developing its pharmacological properties, with the support of modern drug research and development technology, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T is expected to become an important candidate drug in the treatment of immune related diseases.
Future research should focus on in-depth analysis of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, mechanism of action, and preclinical safety evaluation, while exploring its synergistic effects with other immunomodulators. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, Qingyang Ginseng Glycoside T is expected to achieve successful transformation from a natural product to a clinical drug, promoting the development of immunomodulatory drugs.
