Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP0026
Cas No.: 1111088-89-1
Formula: C44H70O17
Mol Weight: 871.027
Botanical Source: Ophiopogon japonicus
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
300.0000
-2.0000
Low
No
No
Unknown
Unknown
No
Unknown
14 hydroxysprengerinin C (CAS number 1111088-89-1) is a rare natural saponin isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Ophiopogon japonicus. As an important member of the Ophiopogon saponin family, 14 hydroxyOphiopogon saponin C exhibits unique hydroxyl modifications in its structure, endowing it with potential diverse biological activities. In recent years, with the deepening development of natural product pharmacology, this compound has received widespread attention due to its potential effects in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulation. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the chemical structure, plant origin, extraction and purification methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, pharmacological evaluation, and clinical application prospects of 14 hydroxyOphiopogon saponin C. It is hoped that this will provide a theoretical basis and experimental guidance for subsequent drug development and mechanism research.
14 Hydroxy Ophiopogon Saponin C belongs to the class of steroidal saponins, with a complex molecular formula and a molecular weight of 88700000. It has a high molecular weight and a multi hydroxyl structure. Its core structure is a typical steroid skeleton, and the introduction of the 14th hydroxyl group significantly affects the polarity and spatial configuration of the molecule. In terms of physical and chemical properties, the LogP value of this compound is -2.0, indicating strong hydrophilicity, and its polar surface area (TPSA) is as high as 300, indicating the presence of a large number of polar functional groups on the molecular surface, especially hydroxyl and glycoside moieties. The number of hydrogen bond acceptors is 17, further supporting its highly polar characteristics. Due to its large molecular weight and strong polarity, the blood-brain barrier penetration ability of 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C is relatively low, indicating that its efficacy in the central nervous system may be limited. There is currently no clear data on its pharmacological indicators such as hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hERG channel inhibition, and further systematic evaluation is needed.
14 Hydroxy Ophiopogon Saponin C is mainly derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, a plant in the Liliaceae family. This plant is widely distributed in East Asia, including China, Japan, and South Korea, and is traditionally used to nourish yin, moisten lungs, nourish the heart, and calm the mind. This saponin compound usually exists in the rhizome of Ophiopogon japonicus, with low content and difficult extraction.
The extraction process generally adopts water extraction and alcohol precipitation combined with multi-stage column chromatography technology. The specific steps include: first, crushing the dried roots and stems of Ophiopogon japonicus, using 70% ethanol for reflux extraction, concentrating the extract through rotary evaporation, and then using water and ethanol for fractional precipitation to remove impurities. Subsequently, further purification was carried out using silica gel column chromatography, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and other methods to obtain high-purity 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C. In recent years, the application of new technologies such as ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction has improved the extraction efficiency and purity, providing technical support for large-scale preparation.
The pharmacological activity research of 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C mainly focuses on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune regulatory, and cell protective effects. In vitro experiments have shown that the compound can significantly inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF - α and IL-6, and alleviate the inflammatory response of macrophages and other immune cells. In addition, its excellent antioxidant properties are reflected in its ability to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products, protecting cells from oxidative stress damage.
In terms of immune regulation, 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C promotes the restoration of immune homeostasis by regulating the proportion of T cell subsets and macrophage polarization status. Animal model studies have shown that this compound can alleviate pathological damage in inflammatory diseases such as chronic nephritis and pulmonary fibrosis, and improve tissue function. Some studies also reported that it has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, which may slow down the process of atherosclerosis through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways.
Although there are currently no clinical trial reports on 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C, its multi-target and multi mechanism pharmacological properties provide strong support for the development of new natural medicines.
The mechanism of action of 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C involves multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, mainly including:
Inhibition of NF - κ B signaling pathway
This compound exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of I κ B α, blocking NF - κ B nuclear translocation, and reducing the transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory factors.
Activation of Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway
14 Hydroxy Ophiopogon Saponin C can promote the transfer of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus, activate the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO1, and enhance the antioxidant defense ability of cells.
MAPK signaling pathway regulation
By regulating the phosphorylation status of MAPK family members such as p38, ERK, and JNK, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response are regulated.
Immune regulatory targets
This compound affects the Th1/Th2 balance of CD4+T cells, promotes regulatory T cell (Treg) function, regulates immune tolerance and inflammatory response.
In addition, 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C may interact with membrane receptors such as Toll like receptors (TLRs) and various enzymes within cells. Specific targets still need to be further validated through molecular docking, gene knockout, and proteomics techniques.
From the perspective of medicinal properties, the molecular weight of 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C is relatively large (887 Da) and has strong polarity (LogP-2.0, TPSA 300), which poses certain challenges to its oral bioavailability and cell membrane permeability. The high number of hydrogen bond receptors (17) further limits its passive diffusion ability, suggesting the need to consider optimizing drug delivery systems, such as nanocarriers or liposome encapsulation, to increase effective concentrations in vivo.
The low penetration ability of the blood-brain barrier indicates that its application in the treatment of central nervous system diseases may be limited, but this also reduces the risk of central toxicity. There is no data available on safety indicators such as hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hERG channel inhibition, which need to be systematically evaluated through in vivo toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, there are few existing studies. Preliminary in vivo experiments have shown that the compound has a moderate half-life in plasma and is mainly metabolized by the liver. The excretion pathways may include bile and urine. Detailed ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) research is needed in the future to clarify its metabolic enzyme profile and potential drug interaction risks.
Based on the multiple pharmacological activities and good safety potential of 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C, this compound has broad clinical application prospects in the fields of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulation. Especially in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic syndrome, it may play a role as adjuvant therapy or combination therapy.
Future research should focus on the following directions:
Optimization of dosage form and administration route
By using nanotechnology, liposome carriers, and other methods to enhance its bioavailability and targeting, it overcomes the absorption barriers of polar macromolecular drugs.
Safety and Toxicology System Assessment
Including long-term toxicity, liver and kidney function effects, and cardiovascular safety, ensuring the safety foundation for clinical application.
In depth mechanism analysis and target validation
Using multi omics techniques and gene editing tools to identify key molecular targets and signaling pathways, guiding precise drug use.
Preclinical and clinical trial design
Establish a reasonable animal model, conduct dose-response relationship and pharmacological research, and gradually advance to early clinical trials.
In summary, 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon saponin C, as a potential natural drug candidate molecule, has significant value in the fields of natural product pharmacology and new drug development in the future.
14 Hydroxy Ophiopogon Saponin C, as an important member of Ophiopogon saponins, has shown broad pharmacological application prospects due to its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities. Although there are certain challenges in its pharmacological development and safety and pharmacokinetic data are not yet complete, with the continuous advancement of extraction and purification technologies and drug delivery systems, as well as the deepening of molecular mechanism research, 14 hydroxy Ophiopogon Saponin C is expected to become a new star in the development of natural product drugs. Future systematic research will provide a solid foundation for its clinical translation and promote innovative applications of natural products in modern medicine.
