Product name: Flavanomarein
Synonym name: Flavomarein;Isookanin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; Isookanin 7-glucoside
Catalogue No.: BP2135
Cas No.: 577-38-8
Formula: C21H22O11
Mol Weight: 450.396
Botanical Source: Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Flavanomarein
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
186.3700
-.0161
-.0356
3.5993
.7466
.1160
Low
71.9354
4.1775
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
0.0
Yes
No
Yes
No
Flavanomarein (CAS number: 577-38-8) is a flavonoid natural product mainly found in the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt plant of the Asteraceae family. As the representative active ingredient of the plant, flavomarin has attracted much attention due to its remarkable biological activity, especially in the prevention and treatment of diabetes nephropathy. In recent years, with the deepening of pharmacological research on natural products, the multiple pharmacological effects of huangnuomaside, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering effects, have gradually been revealed, demonstrating its potential as a new candidate molecule for multi-target therapy.
In addition, Huangnuomaside also exhibits regulatory effects on related targets of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, indicating its potential application in respiratory system diseases. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, pharmacological evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics of huangnuomaside, and explore its clinical application potential and future research directions, providing theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the drug development of this natural product.
Huangnuomaside is a flavonoid compound with a molecular weight of 450.3960. Its chemical structure includes a typical flavonoid skeleton, with multiple hydroxyl and glycosidic groups, giving it good water solubility (3.5993) and high polarity (TPSA of 186.3700). Its LogP value is -0.0161, indicating that flavonol has strong hydrophilicity and is difficult to freely diffuse through lipid membranes, which may limit its brain penetration ability, consistent with its low blood-brain barrier permeability.
From the perspective of drug safety, Huangnuomaside does not exhibit hERG channel inhibitory activity, indicating a low risk of cardiac toxicity; The Ames test result is 0.0, indicating that it has no significant mutagenicity and has a good safety basis. The overall physicochemical properties indicate that Huangnuomaside is suitable for development as a water-soluble oral formulation, but its high polarity and low fat solubility may affect bioavailability and need to be optimized through pharmaceutical methods.
Huangnuomaside is mainly distributed in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, a plant widely distributed in North America and some Asian regions, traditionally used for herbs and dyes. Huangnuomaside, as its main flavonoid component, is abundant and has become a focus of research and development.
The extraction process usually uses ethanol or methanol as solvents to obtain crude extracts through reflux extraction or ultrasound assisted extraction methods. Subsequently, liquid-liquid partitioning, silica gel column chromatography, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and other techniques were used for separation and purification, ultimately obtaining high-purity Huangnuomaside. The optimization of extraction conditions mainly focuses on parameters such as solvent polarity, extraction time, and temperature to improve yield and purity.
In recent years, green extraction techniques such as supercritical CO ₂ extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have also been attempted to be applied to the extraction of flavonol, aiming to improve efficiency and environmental friendliness. During the purification process, the UV absorption characteristics of flavonoids are utilized, combined with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to achieve structural identification and quality control.
The pharmacological activity research of flavomarin covers a variety of disease models, mainly focusing on antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypotensive and lipid-lowering aspects, especially in the prevention and treatment of diabetes nephropathy.
Huangnuomaside has strong free radical scavenging ability, which can effectively inhibit the generation of peroxidized lipids and alleviate the damage of oxidative stress to cells. In vitro experiments have shown that it has a concentration dependent scavenging effect on DPPH and ABTS free radicals. In vivo models, it can also increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and protect the kidneys and other tissues from oxidative damage.
Huangnuomaside regulates blood glucose levels through various mechanisms, including promoting insulin secretion, improving insulin resistance, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Animal experiments showed that flavomaside could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetes model rats, improve the function of pancreatic islet β cells, and delay the progress of diabetes.
Huangnuomaside exhibits significant antihypertensive effects by dilating blood vessels, inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and regulating endothelial function. In addition, it can also reduce plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thereby improving blood lipid profile and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
It also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti fibrosis effects, especially in the model of diabetes nephropathy, which protects renal function by reducing glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Some studies indicate that it has a regulatory effect on asthma related targets, suggesting its potential application value in respiratory diseases.
The multi-target mechanism of action of Huangnuomaside is the basis of its multiple pharmacological effects. The key targets regulated by Huangnuomaside for inflammatory diseases such as asthma include:
By regulating the above targets, Huangnuomaside can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, alleviate airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and exert anti asthma effects. In diabetes nephropathy, flavomarin can alleviate renal damage and protect renal function through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti fibrosis pathways.
Molecular docking and cell experiments further confirmed that flavonol can bind to multiple target proteins, regulate their activity, and affect downstream signaling pathways such as NF - κ B and MAPK, exerting a comprehensive therapeutic effect.
The pharmacological evaluation of Huangnuomaside shows that it has good safety and potential drug development value. It has a moderate molecular weight and good water solubility, which is beneficial for formulation development and in vivo absorption. The LogP value is close to zero, indicating its hydrophilic lipophilic balance and suitability for oral administration.
The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests limited impact on the central nervous system and reduces the risk of central side effects. The hERG channel has no inhibitory effect and reduces the risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames test is negative, indicating no mutagenicity and high safety.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, existing research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo experiments have shown that Huangnuomaside is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, but its bioavailability is limited by its polarity and metabolic stability. Liver metabolism is mainly carried out through phase II reactions (such as glucuronic acid binding), and the excretion pathway is mainly through the kidneys.
Future research needs to further clarify its in vivo distribution, metabolic kinetic parameters, and drug interactions to provide a basis for clinical applications. At the same time, developing nanocarriers, liposomes, or other delivery systems to improve in vivo stability and efficacy is an important research direction to address the issue of insufficient bioavailability.
As a multifunctional flavonoid natural product, flavomarin has shown broad application prospects in the fields of diabetes nephropathy, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory diseases (such as asthma) by virtue of its multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory.
At present, clinical research on Huangnuomaside is still in its infancy, mainly focusing on in vitro and animal model validation of its efficacy and safety. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic research, establish standardized extraction and quality control systems, and promote their entry into the clinical trial stage.
In addition, by combining modern drug design concepts and optimizing drug delivery systems through structural modification, the bioavailability and targeting of huangnuomaside can be improved, which will greatly promote its clinical translation. The multi-target mechanism of action also provides a theoretical basis for its combination therapy in complex diseases, and is expected to become a new paradigm for the development of natural product drugs.
As the main flavonoid active ingredient of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, flavomarin has multiple pharmacological activities, such as significant antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypotensive and lipid-lowering activities, and has shown good therapeutic potential, especially in diseases such as diabetes nephropathy and asthma. Its multi-target mechanism of action provides new ideas for the development of natural product multifunctional drugs.
Although some progress has been made in the research of huangnuomaside, further exploration of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, clinical safety, and efficacy evaluation is still needed. In the future, through interdisciplinary collaboration, optimizing extraction processes and formulation technologies, promoting the clinical application of Huangnuomaside, it is expected to bring new breakthroughs in the treatment of related diseases.
