Product name: Tormentic acid
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP1400
Cas No.: 13850-16-3
Formula: C30H48O5
Mol Weight: 488.709
Botanical Source: Potentilla chinensis Ser.
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Natural products, as important resources for drug discovery, have attracted much attention due to their structural diversity and biological activity. Triterpenes, as an important class of natural products, are widely present in plants and have various pharmacological activities. Tormentic acid is a typical pentacyclic triterpenoid, first isolated from the Rosaceae plant Rosa rugosa. In recent years, with the in-depth study of its biological activity, potentilic acid has become a hot spot in natural drug research because of its significant anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and anti atherosclerosis effects.
This article aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources, and extraction methods of ferulic acid, with a focus on analyzing its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. By evaluating its pharmacokinetic characteristics based on pharmacological parameters, the article explores its clinical application potential and future research directions, providing theoretical basis and research references for natural product pharmacology and new drug development.
Tormentic acid, CAS number 13850-16-3, chemical formula C30H48O4, molecular weight 488.7090. Its structure belongs to pentacyclic triterpenoid acids, with a typical triterpenoid skeleton containing one carboxyl group and multiple hydroxyl functional groups, endowing it with certain polarity and biological activity. The carboxyl group on the molecular structure gives it acidic characteristics, while the hydroxyl group may participate in hydrogen bonding, affecting its binding to biological targets.
In terms of physical and chemical properties, the LogP value of oxalic acid is 4.4601, indicating its high lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration, but its low water solubility (0.0099) may limit its solubility and bioavailability in aqueous environments. Its topological polar surface area (TPSA) is 97.9900, indicating the presence of certain polar regions in the molecule that facilitate interaction with protein targets. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its limited distribution in the central nervous system. The negative result of hERG channel inhibition experiment indicates a low risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames mutagenicity test result is 0.0, indicating a low risk of genetic toxicity.
Overall, the physicochemical properties of ferulic acid are suitable for oral administration, but its low water solubility and limited brain penetration suggest the need to optimize the administration method or structural modification to enhance efficacy and bioavailability.
Potentilla acid is mainly found in the Rosaceae plant Rosa rugosa, and has also been reported in other traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Sanguisorba officinalis. Rose fruit, as a traditional Chinese medicine and edible plant, is rich in various triterpenoids, among which ferulic acid is one of the representative components.
The extraction method usually uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation. The specific steps include:
In recent years, the application of green extraction methods such as supercritical CO2 extraction technology and microwave-assisted extraction has provided new ideas for improving the extraction efficiency and purity of oxalic acid from Polygonatum sibiricum.
Potentilla acid exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity. Both in vitro cell models and in vivo inflammation models have confirmed that it can inhibit the production and release of various inflammatory mediators. Its main manifestation is to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide synthase type 2 (NOS2), thereby alleviating the inflammatory response.
In a mouse acute inflammation model, ferulic acid significantly reduces edema and leukocyte infiltration in the inflamed area, inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators, and exhibits good anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, its inhibitory effect on inflammation related enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-1 (PTGS1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) further illustrates the multi-target characteristics of its anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Potentilla acid has the potential to regulate blood lipids. Animal experiments have shown that oxalic acid can reduce the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides in plasma, while increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This lipid-lowering effect helps prevent and alleviate atherosclerosis.
In atherosclerotic model, through inhibiting inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, potentilla acid can alleviate vascular endothelial damage and inhibit plaque formation and development. Its antioxidant effect is achieved by clearing free radicals and regulating antioxidant enzyme activity, further protecting vascular function.
In addition to the above-mentioned effects, some studies have also reported that ferulic acid has anti-tumor, antiviral, and immune regulatory activities, but the relevant mechanisms still need further clarification.
The pharmacological effects of ferulic acid involve multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, especially in the anti-inflammatory effect, showing the characteristic of multi-target synergistic regulation.
Potentilla acid works synergistically through multiple targets and pathways to regulate the production and release of inflammatory mediators, inhibit inflammatory signal transduction, and alleviate inflammatory responses. In addition, its regulation of lipid metabolism and antioxidant mechanism jointly affect the level of blood lipids and the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
The molecular weight of ferulic acid is 488.7090, slightly higher than the Lipinski rule recommendation of 500 or less, but still within an acceptable range. The LogP is 4.4601, indicating that it has good lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration, but may affect water solubility and oral absorption. The TPSA is 97.9900, and moderate polarity facilitates target binding. The extremely low water solubility (0.0099) suggests that oral formulations need to optimize solubility to improve bioavailability.
The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier limits its application in the central nervous system, but reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects. HERG channel inhibition is negative, indicating a low risk of cardiac toxicity. Ames test negative, with high safety.
At present, there is limited research on the pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid. Existing data shows that after oral administration, its absorption is slow, and the peak plasma concentration appears for a longer period of time, which may be related to its low water solubility and larger molecular weight. The metabolic pathway is mainly through the liver enzyme system, involving oxidation and hydroxylation reactions, and the activity of metabolites needs further research.
The main excretion pathways are bile and urine, with a moderate half-life. In the future, it is necessary to improve its pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and targeting through formulation modification and structural modification.
As a natural triterpenoid acid with a wide range of sources and significant pharmacological activity, ferulic acid has good anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering potential, and is suitable for the development of adjuvant therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome.
At present, the research and animal experiments of Polygonatum sibiricum acid are still in the basic stage, and there is a lack of systematic clinical trial data. Future research should focus on:
In addition, combining modern drug design and natural product chemistry, ferulic acid is expected to become a lead compound for novel anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective drugs.
As a typical natural triterpene acid, potentilic acid, with its unique structure and significant biological activity, has shown broad application prospects in the fields of anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and anti atherosclerosis. Its multi-target mechanism of action provides a new perspective for the pharmacological research of natural products. Although there are still challenges in pharmacokinetics and clinical applications, with the help of modern drug development technology, ferulic acid is expected to become an important breakthrough in the development of natural product drugs. Future systematic research will further reveal its potential, promote its clinical translation, and benefit human health.
