Synonym name: Araliasaponin V; Congmuyanoside V
Catalogue No.: BP0386
Cas No.: 340963-86-2
Formula: C₅₄H₈₈O₂₃
Mol Weight: 1105.28
Botanical Source: Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree)

Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.

For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.

HPLC of Congmunoside V

Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃

Introduction/Overview

Congmnoside V is a type of saponin derived from Aralia elata in Liaodong（Corydalis heterocarpa）The natural product saponins have received widespread attention in recent years due to their potential activity in the field of anti-tumor. Lung cancer, as one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence rate and mortality in the world, urgently needs new highly effective and low toxic therapeutic drugs. Natural products have become important resources for the development of anti-cancer drugs due to their structural diversity and rich biological activity. Liaodong Aralia saponin V, with its unique chemical structure and multi-target mechanism of action, exhibits significant inhibitory effects on lung cancer cells and has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research.

This article will systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, pharmacological evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Liaodong Aralia saponin V. It will also explore its clinical application prospects and development directions, providing theoretical basis and reference for subsequent related research and drug development.

Chemical structure and physicochemical properties

The molecular formula of Liaodong Aralia saponin V has not been fully disclosed, but its molecular weight is 1085.3, belonging to the class of high molecular weight triterpenoid saponins. Its LogP value is 1.0, indicating that it has moderate lipophilicity, which is conducive to membrane penetration but not excessively hydrophobic. The TPSA (topological polar surface area) is as high as 399.7, indicating strong molecular surface polarity and 23 hydrogen bond acceptors, suggesting that the molecule contains a large number of polar groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, or glycosidic moieties. These structural features have a significant impact on its water solubility and binding ability with target proteins.

The structural core of Liaodong Aralia saponin V is a triterpenoid skeleton, which connects multiple glycoside units to form a complex glycoside chain structure. This structure not only endows it with good biological activity, but also affects its pharmacokinetic properties, such as low blood-brain barrier permeability and lower lipid solubility. It has good chemical stability and is suitable for in vitro and in vivo pharmacological research.

Plant sources and extraction methods

The main source of saponin V in Liaodong Aralia elata is from Liaodong Aralia elata（Corydalis heterocarpa）This plant belongs to the poppy family and is a traditional medicinal plant distributed in Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula. Liaodong Aralia elata is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relieving pain, and anti-inflammatory effects. Its roots and stems contain abundant alkaloids and saponins.

The extraction of saponins V from Liaodong Aralia elata usually involves the following steps:

1. Ingredient Preparation Collect dry roots and rhizomes of Liaodong Aralia elata and crush them into fine powder.
2. Preliminary extraction Using 70% -80% ethanol or methanol for reflux extraction, the extraction time is generally 2-3 hours, repeated 2-3 times to ensure sufficient dissolution of the active ingredients.
3. Concentration and Separation After concentrating the extract to a certain volume, separate the aqueous phase from the organic phase to remove fat soluble impurities.
4. Column chromatography purification Separation and purification of saponin V from Aralia elata by silica gel column or C18 reverse phase column chromatography combined with gradient elution technique.
5. Identification and purity testing High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to confirm the structure and purity of the compound.

This extraction method can obtain high-purity Liaodong Aralia saponin V, which meets the needs of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic research.

Pharmacological activity research

Liaodong Aralia saponin V has shown significant anti lung cancer activity in multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments. Its main pharmacological effects include:

• Inhibition of lung cancer cell proliferation After treatment, the cell proliferation rate of various lung cancer cell lines (such as A549, H1299) significantly decreased, showing a dose-dependent effect.
• Inducing cell apoptosis By activating endogenous apoptotic pathways and promoting the expression of apoptosis related proteins, such as upregulation of CASP9 (caspase 9), it promotes programmed cell death in lung cancer cells.
• Inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion Liaodong Aralia saponin V can interfere with the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells, reducing the risk of metastasis.
• Anti inflammatory and immune regulatory effects Indirectly inhibiting tumor growth by regulating inflammatory factors and immune cell activity in the tumor microenvironment.

In addition, animal model studies have shown that Liaodong Aralia saponin V has good tolerance, no significant hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity, and no hERG channel inhibition was observed, indicating high safety.

Mechanism of action and molecular targets

The anti lung cancer effect of Liaodong Aralia saponin V involves multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, reflecting its multi-target drug characteristics:

• BCL2 family proteins (BCL2)Liaodong Aralia saponin V downregulates the expression of anti apoptotic protein BCL2 and promotes cell apoptosis.
• Signal Transduction and Transcription Activation Factor 3 (STAT3)Inhibit the phosphorylation and activation of STAT3, block its function of promoting tumor cell proliferation and immune escape.
• Estrogen receptor beta (ESR2)Regulating ESR2 expression and affecting hormone dependent growth of tumor cells.
• Microtubule associated protein Tau (MAPT)Interference with MAPT function, affecting cytoskeleton stability, and inhibiting tumor cell migration.
• Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma (PIK3CG)Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and reducing cell survival rate.
• Nuclear factor kappa B subunit RELA (RELA)Inhibition of NF - κ B signaling pathway, reduction of inflammatory response and anti apoptotic ability of tumor cells.
• Mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and MAPK8 Regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, affecting cell cycle and apoptosis.
• Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG)Activate PPARG to regulate cell metabolism and proliferation.

Through multi-target synergistic effects, Liaodong Aralia saponin V effectively inhibits the proliferation, migration, and survival of lung cancer cells, demonstrating good anti-tumor potential.

Evaluation of drug properties and pharmacokinetics

The pharmacological parameters of Liaodong Aralia saponin V show that it has certain development potential:

• High molecular weight (1085.3)It may affect oral bioavailability, but is suitable for injectable development.
• LogP is 1.0 It indicates that it has moderate lipid solubility, which is conducive to cell membrane penetration.
• TPSA up to 399.7 It suggests that its polarity is strong and may limit its passage through the blood-brain barrier, reducing central nervous system side effects.
• Number of hydrogen bond acceptors 23 It is conducive to forming stable binding with target proteins.
• Low permeability of blood-brain barrier Reduce the risk of central nervous system toxicity.
• No significant manifestations of hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity were observed The safety is relatively good.
• HERG channel inhibition negative This indicates that its cardiac safety is relatively high.
• Ames mutagenicity test results unknown Further genetic toxicity evaluation is needed.

In terms of pharmacokinetics, existing research is relatively limited. Preliminary data shows that the oral absorption of Liaodong Aralia saponin V is poor, with a moderate half-life in vivo. It is mainly metabolized through the liver, and the activity of metabolites still needs to be further studied. In the future, systematic pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies need to be conducted to optimize the routes of administration and dosage form design.

Clinical application prospects and prospects

Liaodong Aralia saponin V, as a natural product with multi-target anti lung cancer activity, exhibits good pharmacological activity and safety, and has high clinical translation potential. Its multi-target mechanism of action helps overcome the problem of single target drug resistance and is suitable for combination therapy strategies for lung cancer.

Future research directions include:

• In depth pharmacokinetic and toxicological research Clarify their internal behavior and safe dosage range.
• Structural optimization and derivative design Enhance its oral bioavailability and targeting.
• Combination therapy research Explore synergistic effects with existing chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, or immunotherapy.
• Preclinical animal model validation Evaluate its anti-tumor effect and safety.
• Clinical trial design and implementation Promote its early clinical application.

In addition, the potential of Liaodong Aralia saponin V in regulating tumor microenvironment, immune regulation, and other aspects is also worth further exploration to expand its indications.

Conclusion

Liaodong Aralia saponin V, as a natural triterpenoid saponin derived from traditional medicinal plants, has become a focus of natural product pharmacology research due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target anti lung cancer effects. Its good safety and ability to regulate multiple pathways provide new ideas and candidate drugs for the treatment of lung cancer. Although its pharmacokinetics and clinical research are still in their infancy, with the deepening of research, Liaodong Aralia saponin V is expected to become an important natural drug resource in the field of lung cancer treatment, promoting the process of natural product translation into clinical practice.

In the future, interdisciplinary research combining modern medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and clinical medicine will further reveal the mechanism of action of Liaodong Aralia saponin V, optimize its drug properties, promote its clinical application, and bring new treatment hope to lung cancer patients.