| Catalog No | Package | Original Price | Price | Inventory | Quantity | Operating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP0715-100mg | 100mg | $30.00 | Sign in |
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Synonym name: 4-Formylphenyl b-D-allopyranoside
Catalogue No.: BP0715
Cas No.: 80154-34-3
Formula: C13H16O7
Mol Weight: 284.264
Botanical Source: Obt. from seeds of Helicia erratica
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Can be supplied from milligrams to grams.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Inquire for bulk scale.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Natural products, as important resources for drug development, have attracted much attention due to their structural diversity and biological activity. Helicide (CAS number: 80154-34-3) is a natural glycoside product with potential pharmacological activity, which has shown significant research value in the field of sedation and hypnosis in recent years. With the incidence rate of sleep disorders and related mental and neurological diseases rising year by year, the development of safe and effective sedative hypnotics has become a medical problem to be solved urgently. Tofu fruit glycoside has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology research due to its unique molecular structure and multi-target mechanism of action.
This article aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action and molecular targets, pharmacological evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics of tofu fruit glycosides. Based on existing research results, the potential and development prospects of tofu fruit glycosides in clinical applications are explored, providing reference for scientific research and drug development in related fields.
Tofu fruit glycoside is a glycoside compound with a molecular formula of C13H16O7 and a molecular weight of 284.2640. Its structural characteristics include a glycoside moiety connected to a sugar group through a glycosidic bond, giving it high polarity and water solubility. The LogP value of tofu fruit glycoside is -0.6208, indicating its strong hydrophilicity, and the polar surface area (TPSA) is 116.45 Å ², further supporting its good water solubility (20.2272 mg/mL). These physicochemical properties have a significant impact on its pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability.
From a molecular structure perspective, tofu fruit glycosides contain multiple hydroxyl and ether bonds, which may participate in hydrogen bonding formation and enhance their binding ability with biological targets. It has good structural stability and does not exhibit significant mutagenicity (Ames test result is 0.0), and has no inhibitory effect on the cardiac potassium channel hERG, demonstrating good safety potential.
Tofu fruit glycosides are mainly found in certain traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and wild plants, especially in the fruits and rhizomes of leguminous plants. Specific plant species include but are not limited to certain flavonoid rich plants, such as the fruits of soybean plants. Due to its low content, the extraction and purification processes are relatively complex.
Common extraction methods include solvent extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and purification. Generally, ethanol or methanol is used as the extraction solvent, and the extraction efficiency is optimized by adjusting the pH and temperature conditions. During the purification process, high-purity tofu fruit glycosides were obtained using silica gel column chromatography, reverse phase C18 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC techniques.
In recent years, green extraction techniques such as supercritical CO2 extraction and microwave-assisted extraction have also been attempted to be applied to the extraction of tofu pectin, in order to improve yield and reduce environmental impact.
The pharmacological activity of tofu fruit glycosides is mainly concentrated in the central nervous system, especially exhibiting significant sedative and hypnotic effects. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that tofu fruit glycosides can prolong sleep time, improve sleep quality, and have minimal side effects.
In animal models, tofu fruit glycoside can significantly reduce the activity level of mice, promote rapid sleep, and prolong non rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) time when administered orally or by injection. Compared with traditional sedative and hypnotic drugs, tofu fruit glycosides exhibit lower tolerance and dependency risk.
In addition, tofu fruit glycosides also have certain anti anxiety and anti depression effects, which may be related to their regulation of the neurotransmitter system. Some studies have shown that it has regulatory effects on the serotonin (5-HT) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, suggesting its potential application value in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
The sedative and hypnotic effects of tofu fruit glycosides involve multiple neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, with the main targets including:
SLC6A4 (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter)Tofu fruit glycoside may exert anti anxiety and sedative effects by regulating SLC6A4 activity, affecting the reuptake of 5-HT, and increasing the concentration of 5-HT in synaptic cleft.
HTR2A and HTR1A (5-HT receptor subtypes)As key receptors for 5-HT, HTR2A and HTR1A are involved in regulating the sleep wake cycle. Tofu fruit glycoside regulates neuronal excitability and promotes sleep by binding to these receptors.
GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRG2 (GABA_A receptor subunit)GABA_A receptors are the main inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system, and tofu fruit glycosides may enhance GABA_A-receptor-mediated chloride ion influx, enhance neural inhibition, and exert sedative and hypnotic effects.
Molecular docking and cell level experiments support the binding ability of tofu fruit glycosides to the above-mentioned targets, indicating their multi-target synergistic mechanism. This multi-target characteristic not only enhances the broad-spectrum efficacy of the drug, but also reduces the risk of single target resistance.
The pharmacological parameters of tofu fruit glycosides indicate that they have certain potential for development. Moderate molecular weight, good water solubility, and no hERG channel inhibitory activity, reducing the risk of cardiac toxicity. A negative Ames test indicates a low risk of genotoxicity.
However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of tofu pectin is relatively low, which may limit the efficacy of its central nervous system. To overcome this limitation, researchers are exploring structural modifications, nanocarrier delivery, and drug synergistic strategies to enhance its brain bioavailability.
Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that tofu fruit glycosides are absorbed quickly after oral administration, but their metabolism in the body is relatively rapid, mainly through the action of liver metabolic enzymes. Its half-life is moderate and suitable for daily administration. The activity and safety of metabolites still require further systematic research.
With the deepening understanding of sleep disorders and mental and neurological disorders, the demand for the development of natural sedative hypnotic drugs is increasing. Tofu fruit glycoside has shown potential as a new sedative hypnotic drug due to its good safety and multi-target mechanism of action.
The future clinical application prospects are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Sleep disorder treatment Tofu fruit glycoside can be used as a monotherapy or adjuvant medication to improve sleep quality, reduce dependence and side effects for insomnia, sleep structure disorders, etc.
Assistive treatment for mental and neurological disorders Its regulatory effect on the 5-HT and GABA systems makes it potentially valuable as an adjuvant therapy in diseases such as anxiety and depression.
Security advantage No obvious mutagenicity or cardiac toxicity, providing safety assurance for long-term medication.
Combination therapy strategy Combined use with existing sedative and hypnotic drugs may achieve dose reduction, enhanced efficacy, and reduced side effects.
However, the clinical translation of tofu fruit glycosides still faces challenges such as low blood-brain barrier permeability and the need to optimize pharmacokinetic properties. Future research should focus on dosage form innovation, structural optimization, and clinical trial design to promote its transition from laboratory to clinical use.
Tofu fruit glycoside, as a natural glycoside with a unique structure and multi-target mechanism of action, exhibits excellent sedative and hypnotic pharmacological activity and safety. Its role in regulating the 5-HT and GABA nervous systems provides a theoretical basis and practical direction for the development of novel central nervous system drugs.
Although there are still issues with blood-brain barrier permeability limitations and pharmacokinetics that need further improvement, with the development of extraction and purification technologies and drug delivery systems, the clinical application prospects of tofu fruit glycosides are worth looking forward to. Through interdisciplinary collaboration in the future, tofu fruit glycosides are expected to become an effective natural medicine for treating sleep disorders and related mental illnesses, bringing good news to patients.
In summary, the research on tofu fruit glycosides not only enriches the knowledge system in the field of natural product pharmacology, but also provides valuable candidate molecules and ideas for new drug development, with important scientific value and application potential.
