| Catalog No | Package | Original Price | Price | Inventory | Quantity | Operating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP2036-2mg | 2mg | $590.00 | Sign in |
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Product name: Siraitic acid A
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP2036
Cas No.: 183374-15-4
Formula: C29H44O5
Mol Weight: 472.666
Botanical Source: Siraitiae Radix
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Triterpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Siraitic acid A (CAS No. 183374-15-4) is a cucurbitane triterpene compound extracted from the root of Siraitia grosvenorii, a traditional Chinese medicine. Momordica grosvenorii has been widely studied for its natural sweetness and various pharmacological activities, especially in the fields of anti diabetes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. As one of its main active ingredients, siraite A has become a hot topic in natural product pharmacology due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target regulatory effect in recent years. This article will systematically review the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, drug evaluation and clinical application prospects of siraitic acid A, in order to provide theoretical support and reference for subsequent drug development and mechanism research.
Siraitic acid A belongs to cucurbitane type triterpene compound, with molecular formula of C30H48O5 and molecular weight of 472.6660. Its structural core is a typical pentacyclic cucurbitane skeleton, containing multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, endowing it with high polarity and biological activity. In terms of physical and chemical properties, the LogP value of siraite A is 4.6034, showing strong hydrophobicity, and the TPSA (polar surface area) is 83.83 Ω², suggesting that its molecule has moderate polarity, which may affect its cell membrane permeability. The low water solubility (0.0091 mg/mL) to some extent limits its oral bioavailability. Low blood-brain barrier permeability indicates limited impact on the central nervous system. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames mutagenicity test result was 0.0, indicating no significant genetic toxicity risk.
Siraitic acid A is mainly extracted from the root of Siraitia grosvenorii. Momordica grosvenorii is a plant of genus Momordica in Cucurbitaceae, which is widely distributed in southern China, especially in Guangxi, Guangdong and other places. Traditionally, Momordica grosvenorii has been used as a natural sweetener and traditional Chinese medicine. Its roots contain abundant triterpenoids.
The extraction process usually uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography separation technology. The specific process includes: drying and crushing the roots of Siraitia grosvenorii, refluxing extraction with ethanol or methanol, and separation and purification by silica gel column chromatography or reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) after concentration. After purification, its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and other methods. In recent years, the application of ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction technology has improved the extraction efficiency and purity of siraite A, and promoted the feasibility of its large-scale production.
The pharmacological activity of siraitic acid A mainly focuses on its anti diabetes effect. A number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that siraite A can significantly improve the glucose metabolism disorder, reduce the blood sugar level, and enhance insulin sensitivity.
Anti diabetes effect
Siraitic acid A exerts its anti diabetes effect through multi target regulation. Animal experiments showed that the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance of diabetes model rats were significantly improved after the administration of siraite A. In addition, siraite A can also inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction related to complications of diabetes, and protect the function of pancreatic β cells.
Anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties
Arhat fruit acid A has the ability to inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and clear free radicals, alleviate chronic inflammation related to diabetes, and help prevent insulin signaling pathway damage.
Other potential activities
Although there are few studies at present, Arhat Fruit Acid A also shows some potential in regulating lipid metabolism, protecting the liver and improving cardiovascular function, which is worth further exploration.
The anti diabetes mechanism of siraite A involves multiple signaling pathways and key targets, mainly including:
AMPK (PRKAA1) activation
AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulatory factor in cellular energy metabolism. Luohanguo acid A can promote glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, improve insulin sensitivity, inhibit gluconeogenesis and reduce blood sugar by activating AMPK.
SGLT2 inhibition
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a key protein involved in renal glucose reabsorption. Arhat fruit acid A has a certain inhibitory effect on SGLT2, promotes the excretion of urine sugar, and assists in reducing blood sugar.
GCK (glucokinase) regulation
Siraite A can enhance GCK activity, promote glucose metabolism of liver and pancreas cells, and increase insulin secretion.
PPARG activation
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Siraite A activates PPARG, improves insulin resistance, and regulates lipid metabolism.
AKT1 and IRS1 signaling pathways
Siraite A can enhance insulin signal transmission and promote glucose uptake and utilization by promoting insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (AKT1) signal transduction.
DPP4 inhibition
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays a key role in the degradation of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The inhibitory effect of Arhat fruit acid A on DPP4 helps to extend the half-life of GLP-1 and enhance insulin secretion.
SLC2A4 (GLUT4) regulation
By promoting the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to cell membrane, siraite A increased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
PIK3R1 regulation
Luohanguo acid A regulates phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), promotes the downstream response of insulin signaling pathway, and enhances the cell response to insulin.
To sum up, siraite A systematically regulates the imbalance of glucose metabolism through multi target and multi pathway synergy, reflecting its potential as a natural drug against diabetes.
The evaluation of siraitic acid A shows that it has certain development potential:
Molecular weight and lipid solubility
The molecular weight of 472.6660 is slightly higher than the "rule" of an ideal drug, but still within an acceptable range. A LogP value of 4.6 indicates that it has strong lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration, but may affect water solubility and oral absorption.
Water solubility and bioavailability
Low water solubility (0.0091 mg/mL) suggests that oral formulations need to optimize solubility or use delivery techniques such as nanocarriers and liposomes to improve bioavailability.
Low blood-brain barrier permeability
Limiting its impact on the central nervous system and reducing the potential risk of neurotoxicity.
safety indicator
HERG inhibition negative reduces the risk of cardiac toxicity; The Ames test has no mutagenicity and good safety.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics
At present, studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of siraite A in vivo are relatively limited. Preliminary animal experiments indicate that its oral absorption is slow, and liver metabolism may be the main clearance pathway. In the future, systematic pharmacokinetic studies are needed to clarify its in vivo behavioral characteristics.
As a natural cucurbitane triterpene, siraite A has the potential to become a new type of anti diabetes drug due to its multi-target anti diabetes effect and good safety. Its ability to regulate multiple insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism is particularly suitable for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
Future research directions include:
In depth analysis of pharmacological mechanisms
Combining genomics, proteomics and metabonomics technology, further clarify the molecular interaction network of siraite A.
Pharmacodynamics and Formulation Optimization
Improve its water solubility and oral bioavailability, and develop dosage forms suitable for clinical application.
Preclinical and clinical research
Conduct systematic toxicological evaluation and clinical trials to verify its safety and efficacy.
Combination therapy strategy
Explore the synergy with existing anti diabetes drugs, improve the treatment effect and reduce side effects.
In addition, the potential application of Arhat Fruit Acid A in the fields of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and metabolic syndrome is also worth attention, and it is expected to expand its scope of indications in the future.
As an important cucurbitane triterpene in Siraitia grosvenorii, Siraitic acid A exhibits significant anti diabetes activity and good safety. It regulates glucose metabolism through multiple targets and pathways, and has strong pharmacological basis and potential for drug development. Although the research on its pharmacokinetics and clinical application is still in the preliminary stage, with the development of extraction and purification technology and modern pharmacological methods, siraite A is expected to become an important candidate molecule for the development of natural anti diabetes drugs. In the future, mechanism research, dosage form optimization and clinical verification need to be strengthened to promote its clinical transformation and benefit the majority of diabetes patients.
