Product name: Fisetin
Synonym name: 3,3',4',7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
Catalogue No.: BP0590
Cas No.: 528-48-3
Formula: C15H10O6
Mol Weight: 286.239
Botanical Source: Toxicodendron sylvestre(S. et Z.)O. Komtze
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. is a leading company in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of High Quality Phytochemicals and Extracts(especially Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine，TCM), Natural Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients worldwide.
The main services:
A. Supply active ingredients and reference standards of TCM, from mgs to kgs scale
B. Custom extraction and purification, target Herb Active Ingredients
C. Custom synthesis and semi-synthesis for Natural Active Ingredients
D. CR(contract research), CM(contract manufacture) and PD(process development) services from lab scale, pilot scale to commercial scale(GMP is also available)
E. TCM compounds library for drug screen,more than 3000 compounds available, many of them are rare and unique.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Fisetin (CAS number: 528-48-3) is a natural flavonol compound widely found in various fruits and vegetables, and has attracted much attention due to its diverse biological activities. As a 7-hydroxyflavonol, quercetin has hydroxyl structures at positions 3, 3 ', and 4', endowing it with significant pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. In recent years, with the deepening of pharmacological research on natural products, quercetin has shown great potential in the fields of anti-tumor, anti-aging, and metabolic diseases, especially in the treatment of malignant tumors such as prostate cancer, demonstrating multi-target regulatory ability. This article aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant sources and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, pharmacological evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics of quercetin, and explore its clinical application prospects and future development directions, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for related research.
Lacquer flavonoids belong to flavonol compounds, with a chemical name of 3,3 ', 4', 7-tetrahydroxyflavone, molecular formula C15H10O6, and a molecular weight of 286.2390. Its structural characteristics are the 7-position hydroxyl group and additional hydroxyl groups at positions 3, 3 ', and 4' on the flavonoid skeleton, forming the typical structure of tetrahydroxyflavonoids. These hydroxyl groups not only endow quercetin with excellent free radical scavenging ability, but also determine its interaction characteristics with various biomolecules.
In terms of physical and chemical properties, the LogP value of quercetin is 1.9717, indicating moderate lipid solubility and facilitating membrane penetration. Its polar surface area (TPSA) is 111.13 Å ², indicating a certain polarity that facilitates binding with aqueous phase and biological targets. Low water solubility (0.0575 mg/mL) suggests limited solubility in vivo, which may affect oral bioavailability. The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier indicates limited distribution in the central nervous system, but this does not hinder its potential role in neuroprotection. The hERG channel inhibition experiment result was negative, indicating that quercetin has high safety and is not prone to cardiac toxicity. The Ames test result is 0.6, indicating a low risk of genetic toxicity.
Lacquer flavonoids are widely present in various plants, especially in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), apples (Malus domestica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), onions (Allium cepa), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), which are rich in content. Its natural form of existence is mostly in the free state or in combination with glycosides.
Traditional extraction methods mainly use organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or ethyl acetate for extraction, combined with ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), or pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) techniques to improve extraction efficiency and purity. After extraction, purification and quantitative analysis are usually carried out through methods such as silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In recent years, green extraction techniques such as supercritical CO2 extraction and enzyme assisted extraction have gradually been applied to the extraction of lacquer pigments, aiming to improve extraction efficiency while reducing environmental pollution.
Lacquer flavonoids have significant antioxidant activity, which can effectively eliminate free radicals and alleviate oxidative stress damage. Its multi hydroxyl structure enables it to directly capture superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxides, while activating the Nrf2 (NFE2L2) signaling pathway to induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), enhancing the intracellular antioxidant defense system.
Lacquer flavonoids have shown inhibitory effects on tumor growth and induction of cancer cell apoptosis in various cancer models, particularly in prostate cancer research. It exerts anti-tumor effects through a multi-target regulatory mechanism, including inhibiting the anti apoptotic protein BCL2, activating caspase 9 (CASP9) to promote cell apoptosis, regulating the signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (STAT3) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT) pathways, and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration. In addition, the regulation of key targets such as androgen receptor (AR) and aromatase (CYP19A1) by quercetin helps to inhibit the development of hormone dependent prostate cancer.
The protective role of quercetin in neurodegenerative diseases is increasingly receiving attention. It reduces neuronal damage by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regulating neuronal survival signaling pathways. Research has shown that quercetin can inhibit the release of neuroinflammatory factors, reduce the activation of microglia, promote neuronal survival and regeneration, and has potential therapeutic value for diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Curcumin can inhibit the expression of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and exert significant anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the NF - κ B and MAPK signaling pathways. This role makes its application in chronic inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndrome have broad prospects.
In addition, quercetin also exhibits metabolic regulation, antibacterial, and anti-aging activities. As an anti-aging agent, it can delay cellular aging, improve metabolic function, and enhance the body's disease resistance.
The multi-target mechanism of action of quercetin is the basis for its broad pharmacological activity. The main targets include:
Through the comprehensive regulation of the above targets, quercetin has achieved multiple biological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.
The molecular weight of quercetin is 286.2390, which conforms to Lipinski's rule. The LogP is about 1.97, indicating moderate lipid solubility and facilitating cell membrane permeation. Its TPSA is 111.13 Å ², which is slightly higher than the ideal range, but still has good biological activity binding ability. Low water solubility suggests that the bioavailability of oral formulations may be limited, and it is necessary to improve solubility and stability through drug carriers or nanotechnology.
The low permeability of the blood-brain barrier limits its direct action in the central nervous system, but its neuroprotective effect may be achieved through peripheral mechanisms. HERG channel inhibition is negative, indicating a low risk of cardiac toxicity. The Ames test results showed a low risk of genetic toxicity and good safety.
Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that quercetin is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, but its bioavailability is limited. It is mainly metabolized through the liver metabolic enzyme system and exhibits first pass effects. Its metabolites include gluconic acid conjugates and sulfate conjugates, and the main excretion pathways are urine and bile. To enhance the clinical application potential, it is necessary to further optimize the administration route and dosage form design.
As a multifunctional natural product, quercetin has broad clinical application potential. Its multi-target regulatory advantages in the treatment of prostate cancer and other tumors provide the possibility for the development of new anti-cancer drugs. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects make it potentially applicable in neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, as an anti-aging agent, quercetin is expected to be used to delay the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
Currently, clinical research on quercetin is still in its early stages, with limitations such as low bioavailability and poor in vivo stability. Future research should focus on optimizing drug delivery systems, such as nanocarriers, liposomes, and solid dispersions, to enhance their in vivo stability and targeting. Meanwhile, in-depth analysis of its molecular mechanism of action and safety evaluation will provide scientific basis for clinical translation.
In addition, combining modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacology methods, designing structural modifications and developing derivatives may further enhance their biological activity and pharmacokinetic properties, and expand their clinical indications.
In summary, quercetin, as a natural flavonol with multiple biological activities, has shown broad application prospects in antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory fields. Its unique chemical structure endows it with multi-target regulatory ability, making it of great value in the treatment research of diseases such as prostate cancer. Despite current challenges in terms of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, modern pharmaceutical and molecular design methods have the potential to overcome these limitations and achieve clinical translation. In the future, systematic pharmacological mechanism research and clinical trials will be the key to promoting the development of quercetin as a new natural medicine. As an important research object in the field of natural product pharmacology, the in-depth development and application of quercetin will provide new therapeutic strategies and hope for human health.
