Product name: Mulberrofuran G
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: SBP02868
Cas No.: 87085-00-5
Formula: C34H26O8
Mol Weight: 562.574
Botanical Source:
Physical Description: Powder
Type of Compound: Phenols
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams. Inquire for bulk scale.
We provide solution to improve the water-solubility of compounds, thereby facilitating the variety of activity tests and clinic uses.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Mulberrofuran G
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
147.9600
4.0000
3.5000
Low
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Mulberrofuran G (CAS No.: 87085-00-5) is a natural product derived from plants of the Mulberry genus, attracting attention for its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity. In recent years, with the deepening of natural product pharmacology, sanfuran G has become one of the research hotspots in natural medicines due to its remarkable multiple biological effects including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects. As an effective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and tyrosinase, it demonstrates potential therapeutic value across various disease models, especially in the fields of tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant origin, and extraction methods of Zanfuran G, focusing on analyzing its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, exploring its druggability and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and looking ahead to its clinical application prospects, providing theoretical support and reference for subsequent basic and clinical research.
Sanfuran G is a complex polyphenolic compound with a molecular formula of C_34H_26O_9 and a molecular weight of 554.56. Its structural features include the presence of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and furan rings, which give it strong biological activity. The LogP value of sanfuran G is about 4.0, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration, but may also affect its water solubility and bioavailability. Its topological polar surface area (TPSA) is 147.96 Ų, and it has 8 hydrogen bond acceptors, indicating that its molecules possess strong polarity and hydrogen bond formation capabilities, which is significant for binding to biological macromolecule targets.
From a medicinal chemical perspective, sanfuran G has a relatively large molecular weight and contains multiple polar groups, which may limit its oral absorption and blood-brain barrier penetration. Existing data indicate that its blood-brain barrier permeability is low, suggesting that its efficacy in the central nervous system may depend on specific delivery strategies or structural modifications.
Mulberry G is mainly found in mulberry species (Morus spp.), especially abundant in the root bark and leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.). Mulberry plants are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, possessing effects such as clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. As one of its main active ingredients, sanfuran G undertakes part of the pharmacological activity.
Common methods for extracting Sanfuran G include organic solvent extraction and column chromatography separation. Typically, ethanol or methanol is used for reflux extraction of mulberry leaves or root bark, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning, silica gel column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification to obtain high-purity sanfuran G. In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction technologies have also been applied to improve extraction efficiency and purity. In addition, the identification of sanfuran G mainly relies on mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to ensure structural accuracy.
Pharmacological studies of Sanfuran G cover multiple aspects including anti-tumor, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects, demonstrating its multi-target, multi-mechanism, comprehensive therapeutic potential.
Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that sanfuran G has significant inhibitory effects on various tumor cells. Its targets involve anti-apoptotic proteins such as MCL1 and BCL2, the STAT3 signaling pathway, MMP2 matrix metalloproteinases, TOP1 and TOP2A topoisomerases, and tumor microenvironment regulators like HIF1A. By regulating these targets, Sanfuran G can induce tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration, block tumor angiogenesis, thereby exerting anti-tumor effects.
In neurodegenerative disease models, sanfuran G protects nerve cells from damage by inhibiting NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and tyrosinase activity, reducing oxidative stress and the production of neurotoxic substances. Additionally, sanfuran G affects the abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein (MAPT), regulates inflammatory responses mediated by nuclear factor κB (NFKB1), and slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Sanfuran G can significantly inhibit NOX2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) activity, reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL6), and nuclear factor κB, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses. Its antioxidant effect is achieved by activating nuclear factor erythropoid-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) and regulating antioxidant enzyme systems such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1), scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Sanfuran G demonstrates the ability to inhibit viral replication and regulate immune responses in viral infection models. Its targets include NOX2, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nuclear factor κB (NFKB1), and cytokine signal transduction inhibitor factor 1 (SOCS1). By regulating these factors, Sanfuran G can enhance host antiviral immunity, inhibit viral protease activity, and reduce virus-mediated inflammation and cell damage.
The multi-target mechanism of sanfuran G forms the basis of its pharmacological diversity. Its main targets and mechanisms of action can be summarized as follows:
NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition: As an effective NOX inhibitor (IC50 about 6.9 μM), sanfuran G reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, alleviates oxidative stress, protects cells from oxidative damage, and plays a key role in neuroprotection and anti-inflammation.
Tyrosinase inhibition: By inhibiting tyrosinase, sanfuran G affects melanin synthesis and related signaling pathways, indirectly regulating neuronal function and inflammatory responses.
Anti-tumor signaling pathway regulation: Mulfuran G interferes with tumor cell proliferation and survival by modulating the apoptotic pathway mediated by MCL1 and BCL2, inhibiting STAT3, MAPK1, and other signaling pathways. At the same time, inhibiting MMP2 and HIF1A helps block tumor invasion and angiogenesis.
Regulation of inflammatory factors: Inhibits the expression of PTGS2, TNF, IL6, and NFKB1, reduces inflammatory responses, and protects tissues from chronic inflammatory damage.
Antiviral immune regulation: By activating IRF3 and modulating SOCS1, it enhances the interferon signaling pathway and boosts antiviral immune responses.
Activation of the oxidative stress defense system: regulates the NFE2L2 signaling pathway, promotes antioxidant enzyme expression, and strengthens cellular antioxidant capacity.
The synergistic effects of these multi-target mechanisms enable Sanfuran G to demonstrate broad therapeutic potential across various disease models.
The druggability parameters of sanfuran G indicate that it has certain development potential, but also faces challenges. A larger molecular weight (554.56) and higher polarity (TPSA 147.96) may limit its oral absorption and bioavailability. A LogP of 4.0 indicates moderate lipid solubility, which facilitates cell membrane penetration, but may also lead to insufficient water solubility.
Currently, data on the hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including hERG channel inhibition), and genotoxicity (Ames test) of Sanfuran G are lacking, and further systematic evaluation is needed to ensure safety. Its low blood-brain barrier permeability suggests that its application in central nervous system diseases may require structural optimization or special drug delivery methods (such as nanocarriers or brain-targeted delivery systems).
Pharmacokinetics, related research is relatively limited. Preliminary in vivo metabolic studies suggest that sanfuran G may be metabolized by hepatic enzymes, producing various metabolites that affect its half-life and biological activity. Future studies are needed to further study its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics to provide a basis for clinical development.
As a versatile natural product, Sanfuran G has broad clinical application potential. In the field of anti-tumor treatment, especially as adjunctive therapy for refractory tumors, it shows promising prospects. By regulating multiple tumor-related signaling pathways, Sanfuran G is expected to become an important candidate for novel anticancer drugs or combination therapies.
In neurodegenerative diseases, Sanfuran G is expected to alleviate pathological progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and abnormal neuroprotein accumulation. Although its blood-brain barrier permeability is limited, optimizing drug delivery systems still holds clinical development value.
Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of Sanfuran G give it potential applications in chronic inflammatory diseases and viral infections (such as respiratory viral infections), especially in the current global prevention and control of viral diseases.
Future research should focus on:
As a natural polyphenol product derived from mulberry plants, Sanfuran G, with its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity, shows broad research and application prospects in fields such as anti-tumor, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. By inhibiting NADPH oxidase and tyrosinase, it regulates multiple signaling pathways to achieve comprehensive regulation of various diseases.
Although the druggability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of sanfuran G still require further improvement and validation, with advances in natural product research technology and the development of drug delivery systems, sanfuran G is expected to become an important candidate for future multifunctional drug development. Future research should focus on in-depth analysis of its mechanism of action, safety evaluation, and clinical translation, providing a solid scientific foundation for the development of natural product drugs.
