Product name: Chrysoobtusin
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4038
Cas No.: 70588-06-6
Formula: C19H18O7
Mol Weight: 358.346
Botanical Source: CassiaeSemen
Physical Description:
Type of Compound: Anthraquinones
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Chrysoobtusin is a natural anthraquinone product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal material Cassiae (Semen Cassiae). Cassia seeds, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, have a long history and are mainly used for liver protection, eyesight, and bowel movements. In recent years, with the deepening development of natural product pharmacology, casinin has attracted widespread attention due to its unique chemical structure and significant biological activity, especially its potential in antioxidant fields. Antioxidant stress plays a central role in various chronic diseases and aging processes, making cassia xibernet an important subject for natural antioxidant research.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of cassia siniz, plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity and mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and to explore its future clinical application prospects, providing theoretical basis and research references for researchers and drug developers in related fields.
Casperin is a typical anthraquinone derivative with a molecular formula of C20H18O6 and a molecular weight of 358.3460. Its structure includes two anthraquinone core units with multiple hydroxyl substitutions, giving it strong electron donor capacity and free radical scavenging potential. The LogP value of cassiaminin is 2.8038, indicating moderate lipid solubility, which is beneficial for cell membrane penetration and distribution in vivo. Its polar surface area (TPSA) is 91.29 Ų, indicating that the molecule has certain polarity, which facilitates binding to biological macromolecule targets.
Its low water solubility (0.0111 mg/mL) somewhat limits its oral bioavailability, but its high blood-brain barrier permeability suggests that xanthinosin may act in the central nervous system. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames test value was 1.2, indicating that xanthin has no significant mutagenicity and is relatively safe.
Cassia mainly comes from Cassiae (Semen Cassiae), which refers to the mature seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. and Cassia tora L. (Cassia tora L.) from the Cassia family plants. Cassia seeds are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with effects such as clearing the liver, improving eyesight, moistening the intestines, and promoting bowel movements. Its main active ingredients include anthraquinones, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Among them, casketin is a representative component of anthraquinones. Although its content is not as high as that of total anthraquinones, its biological activity has attracted significant attention.
Cassia extract is usually done by organic solvent extraction. Using dried and crushed cassia seeds as raw materials, reflux extraction is performed with ethanol or methanol, followed by separation and purification techniques such as liquid-liquid partitioning and column chromatography. In recent years, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction technologies has improved the extraction efficiency and purity of cassia sinensis. During purification, silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are widely used for separation and quantitative analysis.
Research on the pharmacological activity of bastarin mainly focuses on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective aspects.
Casinophyllamine exhibits significant antioxidant capacity. In vitro experiments have shown that cassia xinoids can effectively eliminate free radicals such as DPPH and ABTS free radicals, reducing oxidative stress damage. Its antioxidant effect is closely related to its polyhydroxyanthraquinone structure, which can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) through electron donors.
In cell models, cassia xanthin can upregulate the expression of various intracellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), thereby enhancing the cell's antioxidant defense capacity and protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Cassia seeds and their active ingredient cassia extract have shown good liver-protective effects in various liver injury models. Cassia Huangjuemin can reduce liver cell damage caused by drugs or chemicals, lower oxidative stress levels, suppress liver inflammation, and promote liver cell repair and regeneration. Relevant animal experiments have shown that cassia sangulanthin can significantly lower serum transaminase levels and alleviate liver tissue fibrosis.
Cassia sinulin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors. Its high blood-brain barrier permeability suggests its potential protective effect in neurological diseases. Preliminary studies have shown that scutellarithin can reduce oxidative damage to nerve cells, inhibit neuroinflammatory responses, and has potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
The mechanism of action of cassia sinoids mainly involves regulating the intracellular antioxidant defense system and related signaling pathways. Its key molecular targets include:
NFE2L2/NRF2 signaling pathway: Casinosin activates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2), promotes its nuclear translocation, and enhances the transcriptional expression of antioxidant genes such as SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and HMOX1, boosting cellular antioxidant capacity and slowing oxidative stress damage.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP3): The regulation of MMPs by cassia xanthin helps inhibit tissue matrix degradation, reduce inflammation and fibrosis, and promote tissue repair.
Tyrosinase (TYR): The regulation of TYR by chrysanthemum may affect melanin synthesis, suggesting potential applications in skin protection and pigment-related diseases.
In addition, scutane bernet eliminates free radicals, lowers ROS levels, reduces lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, protects mitochondrial function, and prevents cell apoptosis and necrosis, demonstrating its multi-target, multi-mechanism comprehensive pharmacological effects.
The druggability parameters of casinosin indicate good development potential. Molecular weight is moderate (358.3460), LogP value around 2.8, complies with Lipinski's rules, and is beneficial for oral absorption. TPSA is 91.29, suitable for cell membrane penetration. It has low water solubility and may affect oral bioavailability, but solubility and absorption can be enhanced through formulation improvements (such as nanocarriers and solid dispersions).
The high permeability of the blood-brain barrier suggests its advantages in treating central nervous system diseases. hERG inhibition is negative and Ames tests have low mutagenicity, indicating good safety and low cardiotoxicity risk.
Currently, pharmacokinetic research on cassia scutanerosis is relatively limited. Preliminary animal studies show that it is rapidly absorbed orally, widely distributed in the body, and metabolized mainly through hepatic enzyme systems, with excretion mainly via bile and urine. Further systematic research is needed in the future on its metabolic kinetics, in vivo stability, and potential drug interactions.
Based on the significant antioxidant, liver-protecting, and neuroprotective effects of cassia sangulatin, it has broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Specifically, it includes:
Liver diseases: Cassia scutellaria can serve as an adjunct treatment for hepatitis, fatty liver, and liver fibrosis, reducing liver damage and promoting liver function recovery through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Ophthalmic diseases: Cassia seeds have traditionally been used for eye improvement, and cassia extract may protect retinal cells through antioxidant protection, preventing macular degeneration, cataracts, and other oxidative stress-related eye diseases.
Neurodegenerative diseases: The high blood-brain barrier permeability gives cassiaminin potential neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Skin diseases and beauty: By regulating TYR and antioxidant mechanisms, cascade xinchuminin may be used in pigmentation, skin aging, and other fields.
Future research should focus on preclinical safety evaluation, formulation optimization, and clinical trial design of casinocerosin, further clarifying its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics to promote clinical translation.
As an important anthraquinone derivative in cassia seeds, shuangjuemin demonstrates significant pharmacological potential due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target antioxidant activity. Its research achievements in liver protection, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection have provided a solid foundation for developing new natural drugs. Although research on its pharmacokinetics and clinical applications is still in its early stages, its favorable druggability parameters and safety profile lay a solid foundation for future drug development.
In summary, as a natural product with broad biological activity, scutellarisol deserves more attention and in-depth research in natural drug research and new drug development, promoting its application into clinical applications and contributing new natural drug resources to human health.
