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Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Multiflorin A (CAS No.: 1350028-90-8) is an active natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal material Pruni semen. As a compound with significant laxative activity, Rose Glycoside A not only demonstrates unique advantages in regulating intestinal function but also shows potential to inhibit intestinal glucose absorption and promote gut microbiota metabolism. In recent years, with the deepening of pharmacological research on natural products, the mechanisms of rose glycoside A in various bioactive fields such as anti-inflammatory have gradually been revealed, making it one of the hotspots in natural drug development and functional food research.
This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties, plant origin, and extraction methods of Rosin A, focusing on its pharmacological activity and molecular mechanisms, evaluating its clinical translation potential in combination with druggability parameters, and looking ahead to its future application prospects in disease prevention and treatment, providing theoretical basis and reference for scientific research and drug development in related fields.
The molecular formula of Rosin A is C_30H_36O_16, with a molecular weight of 636.5590. Its structural features are polyhydroxyl glycoside compounds, containing abundant glycosyl groups, which imparts high polarity and water solubility. The LogP value is 0.1336, indicating strong hydrophilicity and easy solubility in water (solubility about 2.4856 mg/mL), which provides certain advantages for the design of oral administration systems. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) reaches as high as 255.2700 Ų, suggesting that the molecule contains a large number of polar groups, which may affect its cell membrane penetration ability and bioavailability.
The molecular structure of Rose Glycoside A contains multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and glycosidic bonds, giving it strong biological activity and stability. The glycoside portion in the structure not only affects its pharmacokinetic properties but may also participate in specific binding to target proteins. Additionally, rose glycoside A does not show hERG channel inhibitory activity, and the Ames-induced mutagenic test was negative, indicating high safety and promising drug development potential.
Rose glycoside A mainly comes from Pruni semen, a plant of the Rosaceae family and the genus Pruni. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is commonly used to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and moisten the intestines to relieve constipation. Peach kernels contain various active ingredients, and as an important glycoside component, Rose Glycoside A plays a significant pharmacological role.
Common methods for extracting rose glycoside A include solvent extraction, column chromatography separation, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. Ethanol or methanol is generally used as extraction solvents, with ultrasound-assisted extraction improving efficiency. After concentration and solvent displacement, the extract was separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography or reversed-phase C18 column chromatography. Finally, its purity and structure were confirmed by HPLC and mass spectrometry identification. In recent years, supercritical fluid extraction and membrane separation technologies have also been attempted for efficient extraction of Crosin A, aiming to achieve large-scale production.
The earliest pharmacological activity of rosein A was noted for its laxative effect. Animal experiments have shown that Rosin A can promote intestinal peristalsis, increase the speed of intestinal contents excretion, and demonstrate significant laxative effects. Its laxative mechanism is closely related to stimulating intestinal smooth muscle, regulating intestinal juice secretion, and influencing the release of intestinal neurotransmitters. Compared to traditional laxatives, Rose Glycoside A has fewer side effects and is less likely to cause dependence, showing good clinical application potential.
Rose glycoside A can significantly inhibit intestinal glucose absorption and reduce postprandial blood sugar peaks. In vitro simulated gut models and in vivo glucose tolerance experiments have confirmed its regulatory effect on glucose transporters. This property gives it potential value as an adjunct therapy for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, especially for patients who need to control blood sugar levels.
Recent studies have found that rose glycoside A can promote the metabolic activity of beneficial gut bacteria and regulate the balance of the intestinal microecology. By promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Rose Glycoside A indirectly regulates intestinal immune function and overall metabolic status. This effect provides a new theoretical basis for its anti-inflammatory and metabolic disease prevention and treatment.
Rose glycoside A has shown good anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammation models. It can significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α, inhibit activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and alleviate tissue inflammatory responses. Related in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that rosidaside A acts by regulating various inflammation-related targets, offering new approaches for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The pharmacological mechanism of viloside A involves multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets, mainly including:
The synergistic regulation of these targets enables rose glycoside A to exhibit multiple biological effects in anti-inflammation, analgesia, and intestinal function regulation.
The druggability parameters of rose glycoside A indicate that it has good potential for drug development. The molecular weight is moderate (636.5590) and the LogP value is low (0.1336), indicating strong hydrophilicity and suitability for oral formulations. Although high TPSA (255.2700) may limit its cell membrane penetration, its target is mainly localized in the intestine, and low blood-brain barrier permeability reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects.
In terms of safety, roscoside A does not inhibit hERG channels, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity. Ames-induced mutagenic tests were negative, indicating a low genotoxicity risk. Good water solubility, which is beneficial for formulation development and absorption in the body.
Currently, pharmacokinetic studies of roscoside A are limited. Preliminary data show that after oral administration, its local concentration in the intestine is relatively high, while systemic circulation concentration is low, consistent with its main pharmacological characteristic of acting on the intestine. In the future, further research on in vivo metabolic kinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolic pathways is needed to improve pharmacokinetic data.
As a versatile natural product, Rose Glycoside A has broad clinical application prospects. Its laxative activity makes it suitable for treating intestinal dysfunction disorders such as constipation. Its inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption offers a new adjunctive treatment option for patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Promoting gut microbiota metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects provide potential interventions for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, chronic inflammation, and related metabolic diseases.
In the future, with deeper analysis of the mechanism of action of Rose Glycoside A and improved pharmacokinetic data, its development in functional foods, gastrointestinal disease drugs, and adjunctive therapies for metabolic diseases will further accelerate. At the same time, integrating modern drug formulation technologies, such as nanocarriers and sustained-release formulations, is expected to enhance bioavailability and targeting, broadening its clinical application scope.
In addition, Rose Glycoside A has good safety and provides assurance for long-term use, but systematic clinical trials are still needed to verify its efficacy and safety, clarify indications, and medication regimens.
Rose glycoside A, a natural glycoside compound derived from peach kernels, demonstrates significant laxative, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal metabolism regulation potential due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological effects. Its excellent druggability parameters and safety have laid the foundation for clinical translation. In the future, multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research will further clarify its mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic characteristics, which will help advance the clinical application of rose glycoside A and provide new natural drug options for the treatment of intestinal and metabolic diseases.
