Product name: Mussaenosidic acid
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP4748
Cas No.: 82451-22-7
Formula: C16H24O10
Mol Weight: 376.358
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Iridoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Mussaenosidic acid
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Natural products, as important resources for drug development, attract much attention due to their structural diversity and biological activity. Mussaenosidic acid, an active ingredient isolated from Pedillaryis kneri Dalla Torre, has gradually attracted interest in the pharmacological community in recent years. Although this compound exhibits weak anti-glycation activity, its potential for various biological functions such as anti-inflammatory activity provides a theoretical basis for in-depth research. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, plant origin, extraction methods, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action of Jade leaf chrysolate in the process, and, combined with druggability evaluation, explores the possibilities and prospects for its future clinical application.
The chemical structure of jade leaf chrysotide is a class of natural products with glycosidic bonds, a molecular weight of 376.3580, and its molecular formula and specific structural features indicate that it contains multiple polar groups, giving it high polarity and water solubility. Its LogP value was -1.3558, indicating that the compound is highly hydrophilic and difficult to freely diffuse through lipid membranes. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 166.1400, further confirming its high polarity characteristics, which have an important impact on its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic behavior. Water solubility is 29.2299, indicating good solubility in the aqueous phase, which is beneficial for absorption and distribution in the body. The blood-brain barrier has low permeability, suggesting its role in the central nervous system may be limited. The hERG channel inhibition test results were negative, indicating that the compound carries a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames-induced mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating a low genotoxicity risk and a solid safety foundation.
Pedillaryis kneri Dalla Torre mainly comes from Pedillaryis kneri Dalla Torre, a plant belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, widely distributed in specific geographic areas. Traditionally, Dalatorema Wormwood has been used in folk herbal medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Both its roots, stems, and leaves contain abundant active components, with jade leaf chrysosinic acid being one of the key components and possessing high extraction value.
The extraction method typically uses solvent extraction combined with chromatography separation technology. Common solvents include mixed solutions of methanol, ethanol, and water to ensure complete extraction of polar components. The typical extraction process is: after drying and crushing plant materials, ultrasound-assisted extraction or reflux extraction is used, followed by liquid-liquid separation to remove nonpolar impurities, and finally purification using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After purification, the structure of the jade leaf chrysanthemum is confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other methods to ensure the purity of the extract and the accurate identification of active ingredients.
Research on the pharmacological activity of Jade leaf chrysolate mainly focuses on anti-inflammatory and anti-glycation aspects. Although its anti-glycation activity is relatively weak, it shows certain potential in regulating inflammation.
Inflammation is the common pathological basis of many diseases, and key molecular targets regulating inflammatory responses include IL-6, TNF, STAT3, NFKB1, and others. In vitro cell models, jade leaf chrysotide has shown regulatory effects on the above inflammatory factors, downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. For example, jade leaf chrysolate can inhibit the release of IL-6 and TNF-α, block phosphorylation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, and weaken the nuclear translocation of NFKB1, thereby reducing the intensity of inflammatory responses. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of jade leaf chrysosin on inflammation-related enzymes such as PTGS1 and PTGS2 (cyclooxygenases 1 and 2) has been reported, suggesting its potential application value in the mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Glycation is the process by which proteins react non-enzymatically with carbohydrates to produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are closely related to diabetes and its complications. Jade leaf chrynocylin exhibits weak anti-glycation activity and may have a protective effect by scavenging reactive oxygen species free radicals or inhibiting glycation intermediate formation, thereby slowing the accumulation of AGEs.
Some studies also indicate that jade leaf chryotide regulates TRPV1 and TRPA1 ion channels, both of which play important roles in pain and inflammation responses. By modulating these targets, jade leaf chrysolate may play an auxiliary role in analgesic and neuroinflammation treatment. In addition, the regulation of NOS2 (induced nitric oxide synthase) expression also provides new perspectives on its anti-inflammatory mechanism.
The biological activity of jade leaf chrysonicotide is mainly realized through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic interactions. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism involves several key molecular targets:
Overall, jade leaf chrysonicotine synergistically regulates inflammation-related signaling pathways through multiple targets, exerting its anti-inflammatory effects and providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
Druggability evaluation is a crucial step in the development of natural product drugs. The physicochemical properties of jade leaf chrysolate indicate good water solubility, but its strong hydrophilicity and large polar surface area may limit its oral bioavailability. Low blood-brain barrier permeability suggests limited application in the central nervous system, but it also reduces the risk of CNS toxicity.
The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity and good safety. The Ames test is non-mutagenic, further supporting its safety. Although systematic pharmacokinetic (PK) data are currently lacking, based on its structural characteristics, it is speculated that its metabolism in vivo may mainly occur through hepatic enzyme systems, with renal excretion predominant.
Future research should focus on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, optimize delivery routes and formulations, improve bioavailability, and evaluate its in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) performance.
As a natural product, jade leaf chrysolate has multi-target anti-inflammatory activity and good safety, showing certain potential for clinical development. Its anti-inflammatory effects are suitable for various chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain neuroinflammatory conditions. Moreover, modulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels offers potential applications in pain management.
However, current research mostly focuses on in vitro and animal models, lacking systematic preclinical and clinical research data. In the future, in-depth pharmacological and toxicological research is needed to clarify its mechanisms of action and therapeutic window, optimize formulation design, and conduct clinical trials to verify efficacy and safety.
In addition, although the antiglycation activity of jade leaf chrysonicotide is weak, combined with the synergistic effects of other natural products, it holds promise for the development of compound formulations for adjunctive treatment of diabetes and its complications.
As an important active ingredient in Dalatorema Xian Artemisia, the jade leaf chrysosin demon demonstrates multi-target anti-inflammatory activity and good safety profile. Its unique chemical structure and physicochemical properties provide the basis for its pharmacological effects. Although its anti-glycation activity is relatively weak, it holds potential application value in inflammation regulation and pain management. In the future, pharmacokinetic research and preclinical evaluation should be strengthened to promote its translation into clinical application. Overall, as a candidate molecule for natural product drug development, the jade leaf chrysolate has broad prospects and application potential.
