Product name: Catalposide
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: SBP01666
Cas No.: 6736-85-2
Formula: C22H26O12
Mol Weight: 482.438
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound:
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
HPLC of Catalposide
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
Catalposide is a natural cycloether terpenoid glycoside isolated from Catalpa ovata G. Don, a plant of the genus Catalpa. In recent years, with the rapid development of natural product pharmacology, cataside has attracted widespread attention due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and multi-biological activities. Its role in modulating inflammatory mediators, inhibiting key inflammatory signaling pathways, and potentially inhibiting various viral targets makes it an important candidate for natural drug development. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of catalin (catalcoside), plant origin and extraction methods, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, druggability evaluation, and its clinical application prospects, with the aim of providing theoretical basis and reference for subsequent research and development.
The chemical name of azidin is cycloene ether terpene glycoside, with the molecular formula C22H30O12 and a molecular weight of 482.4380. Its structural features mainly include the combination of a cycloene ether terpene core structure with multiple hydroxyl and glycosyl groups, giving it high polarity and water solubility. The LogP value of cathoside was -0.4533, indicating low lipid solubility, and a water solubility index of 5.4853 indicated good solubility in the aqueous phase. The topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 187.9 Ų, reflecting a large polar region on the molecular surface, which has a significant impact on the binding of molecules to biological targets and the distribution of drug absorption. The blood-brain barrier penetration ability is relatively low, suggesting its limited distribution in the central nervous system. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0.0, indicating a low genotoxicity risk.
Zygoside is mainly extracted from the roots, leaves, and bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don, a plant of the genus Catalpa. Catalpa ovata is a deciduous tree widely distributed in China and East Asia, traditionally used in various folk medicine formulations. During extraction, ethanol or methanol is usually used as solvents for reflux extraction to fully dissolve polar components such as cataside. The extract undergoes concentration, liquid-liquid distribution, and multiple column chromatographic purifications to obtain high-purity catasin glycosides. In recent years, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies has significantly improved extraction efficiency and purity, reducing solvent usage and extraction time. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry techniques were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze catasin glycosides, ensuring the quality and stability of the extracts.
Research on the pharmacological activity of Ziduoside covers multiple fields including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory.
Zidin can significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Its mechanism of action mainly involves inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, especially activating the p65 subunit, thereby blocking the transduction of inflammatory signals and thereby reducing inflammatory responses. This property gives Zidin good therapeutic potential in various models of inflammation-related diseases.
Zidinin exhibits inhibitory effects on various viral targets, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related proteins such as HIV1-protease (HIV1-PR), integrase (INT), as well as herpes virus-related proteins UL42, UL54, ICP27, TK, and glycoprotein gD. In addition, aposide also interferes with the virus's entry into receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. The inhibitory effects of these targets indicate that cataside has broad-spectrum antiviral potential, especially in suppressing viral replication and blocking viral invasion.
Zidins also exhibit antioxidant activity, capable of scavenging free radicals and reducing cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. Its immunomodulatory effect enhances pharmacological effects by modulating the function of immune cells, promoting the maintenance of immune homeostasis, and further enhancing its pharmacological effects.
The mechanism of action of catazidin is mainly reflected in its regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways and key targets of viral replication.
In terms of anti-inflammation, Zidinin blocks the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit by inhibiting the LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the transcription expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and lowering the release of inflammatory mediators. Additionally, zidin may further alleviate cellular inflammatory responses by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
In terms of antiviral effects, cathoside targets various viral proteins and receptors, including HIV protease and integrase, as well as replication-related proteins of herpes virus, inhibiting viral replication and assembly. Interfering with CCR5 and CXCR4 prevents the virus from entering host cells, cutting off the chain of infection. Its regulatory effect on myeloperoxidase (MPO) may also indirectly influence the immune response during viral infection.
Both molecular docking and in vitro experiments support the high affinity for catalysin to the above targets, suggesting its multi-target synergistic mechanism.
Drug-to-drug evaluation of ziziside shows good safety and a low risk of toxic side effects. It has moderate molecular weight, high polarity, and good water solubility, making it easy for absorption and distribution in the body. Low LogP values and high TPSA suggest it is difficult to cross the blood-brain barrier, which may limit its application in central nervous system diseases but also reduce the risk of CNS toxicity.
The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity and meeting the basic requirements for safe medication. The Ames test results showed no significant mutagenicity, further confirming its gene safety.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, existing studies show that catidin is absorbed orally more quickly, but its bioavailability is limited by its polarity and molecular size. In vivo, distribution is mainly concentrated in the liver and kidneys, with metabolic pathways primarily carried out by hepatic enzyme systems for glycoside hydrolysis and corresponding metabolic transformation. Excretion is mainly through urine and bile. In the future, further systematic pharmacokinetic studies are needed to optimize administration routes and dosage form designs to improve in vivo stability and bioavailability.
Given the significant anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity of catidin, its clinical application prospects are broad. First, as a natural anti-inflammatory agent, zidin is expected to be used to treat various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. By inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, it can effectively reduce inflammatory mediators and lessen tissue damage.
Secondly, the inhibitory effect of catazidins on multiple viral targets makes them important candidate molecules for antiviral drug development. Especially in adjuvant therapy for HIV and herpesvirus infections, Zidinin is expected to play a synergistic role in improving resistance and side effects of existing antiviral therapies.
In addition, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions of cathoside provide a theoretical basis for its application in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and immune-related disorders. In the future, through structural optimization and the integration of drug carrier technology, the efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of Zidinin are expected to be further enhanced.
However, clinical research on Zizidin is still in its early stages and lacks systematic clinical trial data. It is recommended to strengthen in-depth research on its pharmacodynamic mechanisms in the future, conduct safety evaluations and preclinical trials, and promote its clinical translation.
Zidin is a cycloene ether terpene glycoside derived from Catalpa ovata, demonstrating promising drug development potential due to its unique chemical structure and diverse biological activities. Its mechanisms of action in anti-inflammation, antiviral, and immunomodulatory areas have been preliminarily clarified, and druggability evaluations indicate high safety. In the future, by combining modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacological techniques, deeply exploring the mechanism of catarine and optimizing its pharmacokinetic properties will help promote its development and application as a novel natural drug. Research on azidin not only enriches the pharmacological knowledge of cycloenether terpene glycoside natural products, but also provides new ideas and directions for developing safe and effective anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs.
