1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of holly bark
This product is the dried bark of Ilex rotunda thunb., a plant in the Ilex family. Peel in summer and autumn and dry in the sun.
[properties] this product is in roll, semi roll or slightly curly plate shape, with different lengths and thicknesses of 1 ～ 15mm. Its outer surface is gray white to light brown, rough and wrinkled. The inner surface is yellowish green, yellowish brown or dark brown, with fine longitudinal lines. It is hard and brittle with a slightly flat section. .
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is light brown to tan. There are many stone cells, light yellowish green or light yellow, scattered or in groups, with a diameter of 14-56 μ m, and obvious pore grooves; Some cells contain calcium oxalate crystals. Calcium oxalate crystals are numerous, scattered or present in parenchyma cells, 17-40 μ m long and 7-25 μ m wide. . Cork cells are colorless or light brown.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 25ml of methanol, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 20ml of water to dissolve the residue, shake and extract with water saturated n-butanol twice, 25ml each time, combine n-butanol solution, wash with 20ml of ammonia test solution, discard the ammonia solution, take n-butanol solution, evaporate to dryness, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 0.5g of cortex Ilicis Rotundae reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take syringin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), absorb 2 μ l of each of the above three solutions, respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol anhydrous formic acid (16:4:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 11.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 25.0%.
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Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B to perform gradient elution according to the following table; The detection wavelength was 210nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the syringin peak.

Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of syringin reference substance and Ilexonin reference substance, weigh accurately, add 50% methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.1mg syringin and 0.3mg Ilexonin per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.1g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 25ml of 50% methanol, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, use 50% methanol to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
According to the calculation of dry product, the content of syringin (c17h24o9) shall not be less than 1.0%, and that of Ilexonin (c36h58o10) shall not be less than 4.5%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, slice, and dry.
. It belongs to the lung, stomach, large intestine and liver channels.
[functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, relieve dampness and pain. .
[usage and dosage] 9 ～ 30g. Apply appropriate amount externally, and coat the affected part with decocted thick soup.
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2、 Chemical constituents of holly bark

Bark contains flavone glycosides, phenols, tannins, triterpene glycosides, and holly bark acid, 3-o-23-o-isopropylidene Holly bark acid, 3-acetic acid oleanolic acid, stearic acid, sinapic aldehyde,Eugenol, mustard aldehyde glucoside, syringin, Ilexonin, β - geraniol,β - sitosterolEt al.

3、 Pharmacological effects of cortex Ilicis Rotundae

1. hemostatic effect: Holly bark B (triterpenoid glycoside) can shorten the coagulation time in the test tube. Incision of femoral artery in dogs, partial resection of liver lobes in dogs and rabbits, cross incision of spleen in dogs, incision of rabbit ear and mesenteric vein in rabbits can shorten the hemostatic time.

2. effect on smooth muscle: cortex Ilicis Rotundae B has a contractile effect on vascular smooth muscle by perfusing isolated rabbit ear blood vessels. Its flavonoid glycosides can relax the isolated ileum of guinea pigs and antagonize the intestinal spasm caused by acetylcholine.

3. antibacterial effect: the decoction can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, dysentery (Freund), typhoid fever and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the test tube.