IChangshan pharmacopoeia standard This product is the dried root of dichroa febrifuga lour., a plant of Saxifragaceae. .
. It is hard and not easy to break, and there is dust flying when it is broken; The transverse section is yellowish white, and the ray is white like, in a radial shape. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: cork cell sequence. The inner layer of the plug is narrow, and a few cells contain resin blocks or calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles. The phloem is narrow, and the calcium oxalate needle crystal bundle is more. The cambium shows irregular wavy rings. ; The ducts are polygonal, scattered or clustered in several, and some contain yellow intrusive bodies. Parenchyma cells contain starch granules. The powder is light brown yellow. There are many starch granules, single granule is round or long oval, with a diameter of 3-18 μ m, and few multiple granules, which are composed of 2-3 granules. Calcium oxalate needle crystals form bundles and exist in oblong cells with a length of 10-50 μ M. The ducts are mostly ladder shaped with marginal pits, with a diameter of 15-45 μ M. The wood fiber is slender, with a diameter of 10-43 μ m and a slightly thicker wall. Wood parenchyma cells are pale yellow, polygonal like or long polygonal like, and the wall is slightly beaded.
(2) Take 5g of this product powder, add 50ml of 2% hydrochloric acid solution, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, add concentrated ammonia test solution to the filtrate to adjust the pH value to 10, shake and extract three times with chloroform, 40ml each time, combine the chloroform solution, recover the solvent to dryness, add 0.5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 5g of Changshan reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel gf254 thin-layer plate respectively, use chloroform methanol concentrated ammonia test solution (9:1:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under UV light (254nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, the main spot with the same color appears at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 10.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
Decoction pieces
[processing] Changshan remove impurities, separate sizes, soak, moisten, slice, and dry.
The product is in irregular flakes. The outer skin is pale yellow without outer skin. The cut surface is yellowish white with radial texture. Hard quality. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
[identification] (except for the transverse section) [inspection] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
Stir fry Changshan, take Changshan slices, stir fry according to the clear frying method (general rule 0213) until the color turns dark.
This product is shaped like Changshan tablets, and its surface is yellow.
[identification] (except for the transverse section) [inspection] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
[sexual ambiguity and menstruation] bitter, pungent, cold; . Return to lung, liver and heart meridian.
[functions and indications] expectoration, salivation and malaria interception. It is used for phlegm retention, chest and diaphragm congestion, malaria.
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[note] it has emetic side effects, and the dosage should not be too large; Caution for pregnant women.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place.

IIChemical constituents of Changshan mountain

The root contains about 0.1% of total alkaloids, including chrysophane B, chrysophane A and chrysophane C, which are tautomers. When heated, chrysophane a turns into chrysophane B, and chrysophane B and C can interconvert in organic solvents. It also contains xanthine, 4-quinazolone umbelliferolide, [also known as Changshan a] and Changshan B. calcium oxalate crystals and 3 β - hydroxy-5-stigmasten-7-one were also obtained from Changshan forest,Vanillic acid, hydrangeol, 7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin, 4-hydroxyhydrangeol.

3、 Pharmacological action of Changshan

1. antimalarial effect: Changshan extract and alcohol extract have significant curative effect on P. gallinaceum. The antimalarial titer of Changshan leaf (Shuqi) is five times that of root, but it cannot prevent recurrence. The antimalarial potency of total alkaloid of Changshan is about 26 times that of quinine, and the potency of Changshan alkaloid a, B, and C against chicken malaria is 1, 100, and 150 times that of quinine, respectively. The curative effect of changshanine B on p.lophurae was 100 times that of quinine. Changshanine C is also effective against P. relictum and P. cynomolgi. In addition, changshanine B has certain antimalarial effect on chicken malaria, mouse malaria and monkey malaria, and also has inhibitory effect on chloroquine strain. Its 50% inhibitor dose for mouse malaria is 0.15 ± 0.04mg/kg, and for chicken malaria is 0.56 ± 0.07mg/kg, but changshanine B 0.04mg/kg has only mild inhibitory effect on monkey malaria. .

. For intestinal amoeba in rats, the minimum effective dose of changshanine B orally is 1.0mg/kg per day for 6 days. The efficacy is greater than that of emetine, and the therapeutic index is twice that of emetine.

3. anti Leptospira effect: this decoction has an inhibitory effect on Leptospira.

4. antipyretic effect: Changshan Decoction 2g/kg orally has antipyretic effect on rabbits with artificial fever, and its antipyretic effect is more significant than that of Bupleurum. The antipyretic effect of 0.3g/kg alcohol extract of Changshan injected under rabbit skin was equivalent to that of 100mg/kg amitriptyline. When the dose was increased to 0.7g/kg, the cooling degree and maintenance time were more than that of amitriptyline. In rats, the antipyretic effect of changshanine C was stronger than that of aspirin.

. The three kinds of changshanine have obvious inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit heart. In the isolated frog heart, the low concentration of changshanine a often shows excitation, while the high concentration often shows inhibition. The above results show that the hypotensive effect of changshanine is due to cardiac inhibition and splanchnic vasodilation.

. Changshanine a also has inhibitory effect on isolated dog small intestine. Changshanine A and B inhibit the isolated guinea pig small intestine at low concentration, excite at high concentration, or excite after brief inhibition. The small intestine of eutopic dogs responded inconsistently to the three kinds of alkaloids, sometimes excited, sometimes inhibited. The effects of changshanine on isolated uterus are complex, and the effects of changshanine A and B on isolated nonpregnant rabbit and guinea pig uterus are generally not obvious; For the isolated rat uterus, the nonpregnant ones are mostly inhibitory, while the pregnant ones are often excitatory. The three kinds of Changshan alkaloids had excitatory effects on the uterus of pregnant rabbits and nonpregnant dogs in vitro.

7. emetic effect: intravenous injection of changshanine a, B and C in pigeons can cause vomiting. The emetic effect of changshanine B is related to the reflex effect of stimulating the gastrointestinal tract. The doses of vomiting in dogs and cats were 0.04 and 0.15mg/kg, respectively.

8. antiviral effect: Changshan extract has an inhibitory effect on influenza virus PR8 in vitro, and also has a certain therapeutic effect on mice infected with this virus.

9. antitumor effect: Changshan total alkaloid has inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer, sarcoma S180 and ascites liver cancer in mice. The tumor inhibition rate of changshanine B on Ehrlich ascites cancer in mice is 50-100%, the solid size of Ehrlich ascites cancer is 45%, the sarcoma S180 is 45%, the melanoma in mice is 75%, the ascites liver cancer in rats is 55%, the sarcoma in rats is 45%, and the walker cancer in rats is 45%. Changshanine C can also kill Ehrlich ascites cancer cells in vitro.

10. other effects: 3b-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one contained in this product has anti complement effect.