1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of peach kernel
This product is the dried and mature seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch or Prunus davidiana (carr.) franch., a Rosaceae plant. The fruit was harvested after ripening, the pulp and core shell were removed, and the seeds were taken out and dried in the sun.
[character] the peach kernel is oblate ovoid, 1.2 ～ 1.8cm long, 0.8 ～ 1.2cm wide and 0.2 ～ 0.4cm thick. The surface is yellowish brown to reddish brown, densely covered with granular protrusions. . There is a short linear hilum on the tip side, and a slightly darker and less obvious chalazal point on the round end. Most longitudinal vascular bundles are scattered at the self chalazal point. The seed coat is thin, cotyledons 2, quasi white, oil-rich. The breath is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.
Shantao kernel is oval, small and plump, about 0.9CM long, 0.7cm wide and 0.5cm thick.
[identification] (1) this variety of skin powder (or dissociated) tablets: the peach stone cells are yellow or yellowish brown, and from the side view, they are shell shaped, helmet shaped, arched or oval, 54-153 μ m high, about 18 μ m wide at the bottom, thick on one side of the wall, and fine-grained; . The kernel stone cells of Prunus davidiana are light yellow, orange yellow or orange red. Viewed from the side, they are shell shaped, rectangular round, oval or long strip shaped, with a height of 81-198 (279) μ m and a width of 128 (198) μ M; On the surface, it is round, hexagonal, long polygonal or square, with uneven thickness of the bottom wall and small pits.
(2) . In addition, take amygdalin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the lower layer solution of chloroform ethyl acetate methanol water (15:40:22:10) at 5 ～ 10 ℃ for 12 hours as the developing agent, develop, take out, immediately spray phosphomolybdic acid sulfuric acid solution (2G phosphomolybdic acid, add 20ml of water to dissolve, then slowly add 30ml of sulfuric acid, mix well), and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the rancidity shall be determined according to the rancidity inspection method [1] (general rule 2303).
The acid value shall not exceed 10.0.
Carbonyl value shall not exceed 11.0.
Aflatoxin was determined according to the aflatoxin assay (general rule 2351). This product should contain no more than 5 μ g of aflatoxin B1 per 1000g, and the total amount of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1 should not exceed 10 μ G.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (20:80) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 210nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 based on the peak of amygdalin.
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of amygdalin reference, accurately weigh it, add 70% methanol to make a solution containing 80 μ g of amygdalin per 1ml.
. Accurately measure 5ml of the filtrate, put it into a 10ml volumetric flask, add 50% methanol to the scale, and shake well.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The content of amygdalin (c20h27no11) in this product shall not be less than 2.0% according to the dry product.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities from peach kernel. Mash when needed.
.
Take the peach kernel and peel it according to the method (general rule 0213). Mash when needed. This product is oblate oval, 1.2 ～ 1.8cm long, 0.8 ～ 1.2cm wide, and 0.2 ～ 0.4cm thick. Its surface is yellowish white, one end is pointed, the middle is expanded, the other end is blunt and slightly skewed, and the edge is thin. Cotyledon 2, oil rich. The smell is slightly fragrant and the taste is slightly bitter.
The peach kernel is oval, small and plump, about 1cm long, 0.7cm wide and 0.5cm thick.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: endosperm cells in 1-3 rows, square like. Cotyledon cells are large, containing aleurone particles and fatty oil droplets, and some small pseudocrystals can be seen.
[content determination] the content of amygdalin (c20h27no11) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 1.50%.
[identification] (2) [inspection] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
Stir fry the peach kernels. Take the peach kernels and stir fry them until yellow according to the clear frying method (general rule 0213). Mash when needed.
The product is oblate oval, 1.2-1.8cm long, 0.8-1.2cm wide, and 0.2-0.4cm thick. The surface is yellow to brownish yellow, and focal spots can be seen. One end is pointed, the middle is expanded, the other end is blunt and slightly skewed, and the edge is thin. Cotyledon 2, oil rich. The smell is slightly fragrant and the taste is slightly bitter.
The two cotyledons of fried hickory kernel are mostly separated, and the intact ones are oval, small and plump. It is about 1cm long, 0.7cm wide and 0.5cm thick.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: endosperm cells in 1-3 rows, square like. Cotyledon cells are large, containing aleurone particles and fatty oil droplets, and some small pseudocrystals can be seen.
[content determination] the content of amygdalin (c20h27no11) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 1.60%.
[identification] (2) [inspection] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, sweet and flat. Homing, liver and large intestine meridians.
[functions and indications] activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, moistening intestines and defecating bowels, relieving cough and asthma. It is used for amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, symptomatic lump, lung carbuncle, intestinal carbuncle, tumbling injury, intestinal dryness and constipation, cough and asthma.
[usage and dosage] 5 ～ 10g.
[note] pregnant women should use it with caution.
[storage] store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of peach kernel

Peach kernel containsAmygdalin, 24 methylenecycloxylanol, limostadienol, 7-dehydroanesterol, rosarin（prunasin)，β - sitosterol，Campesterol， β - sitosterol-3-o - β - d-glucopyranoside, campesterol-3-o - β - d-glucopyranoside, β - sitosterol-3-o - β -d- (6-o-palmitoyl) glucopyranoside, β - sitosterol-3-o - β -d- (6-o-oleoyl) glucopyranoside, campesterol-3-o - β -d- (6-o-palmitoyl) glucopyranoside, campesterol-3-o - β -d- (6-o-oleoyl) glucopyranoside, methyl-a-d-fructofuranoside, methyl - β - d-glucopyranoside,L-tryptophan, glucose and sucrose. Also containschlorogenic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 3-feruloyl quinic acid,Glyceryl trioleateTwo protein components PR-A and PR-B were isolated from peach kernel, which have strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmacological activities. Peach kernel oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid.

3、 Pharmacological action of peach kernel

1. blood stasis removing effect: the water decoction and alcohol precipitate of this product can increase the vascular flow of isolated rabbit ear vein and have vasodilatory effect. Arterial injection to anesthetized dogs can increase femoral artery blood flow and reduce vascular resistance, and has a direct dilation effect on the vessel wall. This product also inhibits blood coagulation and hemolysis. Peach kernel extract 50mg/ml, intrasplenic administration can accelerate the blood flow in the liver microcirculation of anesthetized rats, which is dose-dependent, suggesting that it can improve the liver surface microcirculation.

2. anti inflammatory effect: the two homogeneous protein components in the protein components of this product, administered intravenously, have significant inhibitory effect on the acute inflammatory reaction of mouse ears caused by xylene.

3. anti allergic effect: the water extract of peach kernel can inhibit the production of skin allergic antibodies in mouse serum and hemolytic cells in mouse spleen, and its ethanol extract can inhibit the amount of pigment exudation of PCA reaction (passive skin allergic reaction) caused by mouse antiserum containing skin allergic antibodies.

. The fatty oil in peach kernel (almond oil) has an insect repellent effect, with an insect repellent effect of 80.8% on pinworms and 70% on Ascaris lumbricoides.