1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Xu Changqing
This product is the dried roots and rhizomes of Cynanchum paniculatum (bge.) kitag., a plant of the family ramolaceae. Excavate in autumn, remove impurities and dry in the shade.
[character] the rhizome of this product is irregular columnar, with disc nodes, 0.5 ~ 3.5cm long and 2 ~ 4mm in diameter. Some have residual lotus on the top, which is thin cylindrical, about 2cm long, 1 ~ 2mm in diameter, and hollow in section; Most roots grow around the rhizome node. The root is slender cylindrical, curved, 10 ~ 16cm long, 1 ~ 1.5mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish white to light brownish yellow or brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and fine fibrous roots. It is brittle, easy to break, with powdery section, white or yellowish white skin, light brown cambium ring, and fine wood. It smells fragrant and tastes slightly pungent and cool.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is light gray brown. The cell surface of the outer cortex is polygonal in appearance, the vertical peripheral wall is wavy, and there is a kind of small square cells between the cells, which are lignified; From the side view, it is quasi rectangular, and some cells have thickened thin stripes on the radial wall. The diameter of oxalate crystals is 7 ～ 45 μ M. Secretory cells are round or long oval, containing yellowish brown secretions. .
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of diethyl ether, stopper, shake for 10 minutes, filter, volatilize the filtrate, add 1ml of acetone to dissolve the residue as the test solution. Another paeonol control sample was added with acetone to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the control solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of the test solution and 10 μ l of the control solution, respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use cyclohexane ethyl acetate (3:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with hydrochloric acid acid 5% ferric chloride ethanol solution, heat until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same blue brown spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
(3) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of diethyl ether, stopper, shake for 10 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of acetone to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of the control medicinal material of Cynanchum paniculatum was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use cyclohexane trichloromethane ethyl acetate (10:2:0.8) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots develop clearly, and inspect them under sunlight and ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots or fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 10.0% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 10.0%.
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Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (45:55) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 274nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to the peak of paeonol.
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Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of crude powder of the product, weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of methanol precisely, weigh, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 33khz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, use methanol to make up for the lost weight, shake well, filter, accurately measure 1ml of continuous filtrate, place in a 10ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, and then get it.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
According to the dry product, the Paeonol (C9H10O3) content of this product shall not be less than 1.3%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities, wash quickly, cut into sections, and dry in the shade.
This product has irregular sections. The rhizome has nodes, and most roots grow around it. The root is cylindrical, with yellowish white to yellowish brown or brown surface and fine longitudinal wrinkles. The cut surface is powdery, the skin is white or yellowish white, the cambium ring is light brown, and the wood is fine. It smells fragrant and tastes slightly pungent and cool.
[identification] the same as medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to liver and stomach channels.
[functions and indications] dispel wind, remove dampness, relieve pain and itch. For rheumatism, stomach pain, fullness, toothache, low back pain, falling pain, rubella, eczema.
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2、 Chemical constituents of Cynanchum paniculatum

The whole grass contains about 1% of peony phenol, and it is also found that there are some compounds with sarcandrin, Dephenol cowhide aglycone, velvety milk aglycone andAcyl asclepiade aglyconeVery similar substances as well as acetic acid, cinnamic acid, etc. The root contains flavonoid glycosides, sugars, amino acids and peony phenol. Containing C21 steroids. The hydrolysate contains sarcostin, deacyl metaplaxigenin, deacetylated cowhide aglycone and tomanin, and also contains d-canadian ephedrine, d-digoxin, l-oleander and d-salmone. It has also been reported that it contains C21 proteosteroidal glycosides, and is composed of Daphne genkwa leaf preproside D and different sugar chains,CynanchinB，CynanchinC and baicalin B formed by baicalin B from Daphne genkwa leaves.
In addition, it also contains paeonol, isopaeonol, decyl stearate, melittin, hexadeceneβ - sitosterolAnd d-erythritol.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Cynanchum paniculatum

1. analgesic effect: the hot plate method proved that Cynanchum paniculatum had analgesic effect on mice. The analgesic effect appeared 10 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 5 or 10g/kg, but it still did not disappear after 1 hour. Paeonol also increased the pain threshold of mice. However, it has been proved that the application of emodin can also prolong the pain reaction time and improve the pain threshold and analgesia rate. It is proved that there are other ingredients besides paeonol in the analgesic effect of Cynanchum paniculatum.

2. sedative effect: paeonol has sedative effect. The photoelectric tube method and shaking cage method test proved that the intraperitoneal injection of 5g/kg of demetanol and Cynanchum paniculatum injection in mice could significantly reduce spontaneous activity, but could not prolong the sleep time of barbiturate hypnotics. Rabbits may have convulsions when injected intravenously. Whether this is related to the difference of administration method and animal species remains to be further studied.

3. effect on cardiovascular system: intraperitoneal injection of Cynanchum paniculatum at 3g/kg for 7 consecutive days could not eliminate the changes of T-wave elevation in acute ischemic myocardium caused by intravenous infusion of Pituitrin in rabbits. However, intraperitoneal injection of 10-15g/kg of Cynanchum Decoction in mice can significantly increase the myocardial uptake of 86 rubidium, so it is believed that it can increase coronary blood flow, improve myocardial metabolism, and alleviate myocardial ischemia. Paeonol can reduce animal blood pressure. The preparation of Cynanchum paniculatum without peony phenol can still reduce the blood pressure and heart rate of dogs, rabbits and rats. Therefore, it is believed that the lowering effect of Cynanchum paniculatum may have other antihypertensive components besides the peony phenol contained.

4. effects on experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesions: for hyperlipidemia rabbits fed with cholesterol, give Cynanchum paniculatum 3g/kg daily, and the serum total cholesterol and b-lipoprotein at week 5 and week 9 are significantly reduced, which is different from the control group. The incidence of atherosclerotic lesions in the administration group was also low, only 3 / 10, while that in the control group was 7 / 9. The large dense plaque stripes in the Cynanchum paniculatum group were scattered and less, and the degree of lipid deposition in small arteries was also mild. The adrenal gland, reticuloendothelial system and liver damage of animals in the administration group were also mild. In addition, according to the percentage change of basophils in the blood of experimental hyperlipidemia rabbits, it was found that when the cholesterol decreased at the 9th week after administration, the basophils increased, indicating that Cynanchum paniculatum has the effect of reducing blood lipids.

5. effect on smooth muscle: Cynanchum injection can reduce the tension of isolated ileum of guinea pigs and resist the strong contraction of ileum caused by barium chloride. .

6. antibacterial effect: according to the plate drilling method, Staphylococcus aureus is moderately sensitive to Cynanchum paniculatum, while Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus typhi are not sensitive. Cynanchum paniculatum also has inhibitory effect on Streptococcus a. The test tube dilution method proved that the whole plant Decoction of Cynanchum paniculatum was 1:4 effective against Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi; 1: 2 has inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro, 1:15000 paeonol inhibited Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and 1:2000 paeonol inhibited Staphylococcus aureus