1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Prunella vulgaris
This product is the dried fruit spike of Prunella vulgaris L., a plant in the Labiatae family. Harvest when the ears are brownish red in summer, remove impurities and dry them in the sun.
[properties] this product is cylindrical, slightly flat, 1.5 ~ 8cm long, 0.8 ~ 1.5cm in diameter; light brown to brownish red. The whole spike is composed of several to 10 rounds of persistent calyx and bracts. Each round has 2 opposite bracts, which are fan-shaped, with sharp caudate apex, obvious veins, and white hairs on the outer surface. There are 3 flowers in each bract, the corolla has fallen off, the persistent calyx is two lipped, and there are 4 nutlets in it, oval, brown, with white protrusions at the tip. Light body. The air is weak and the taste is light.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is gray brown. Single cells of non glandular hairs were more common and triangular in shape; In multicellular patients, sometimes the middle cells can be seen shrunk, and the surface is covered with small warty protrusions. There are two kinds of glandular hairs: one is a single-cell head, the other is a double cell stalk; . On the top of the glandular scale, the head is round, 4-cell, 39-60 μ m in diameter, and some contain yellow secretions. The surface of the abnormal cells in the persistent calyx is deep wavy and curved, with a diameter of 19-63 μ M. sometimes there are yellowish or yellowish brown substances in the cell cavity.
(2) Take 2.5G of this product powder, add 30ml of 70% ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 5ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Take rosmarinic acid reference substance and add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of the test solution and 5 μ l of the control solution, respectively dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use cyclohexane ethyl acetate isopropanol formic acid (15:3:3.5:0.5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under the UV light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 14.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 12.0% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 10.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% trifluoroacetic acid solution (42:58); The detection wavelength was 330nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 6000 according to the rosmarinic acid peak.
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of rosmarinic acid reference substance, weigh accurately, add dilute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of powder (passing through No. 2 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of dilute ethanol precisely, sonicate (power 90W, frequency 59khz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with dilute ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
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The content of rosmarinic acid (c18h16o8) shall not be less than 0.20% according to the dry product.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and cold. Return to liver and gallbladder channels.
[functions and indications] clearing liver and purging fire, brightening eyes, dispersing nodules and detumescence. It is used for swelling and pain of the eyes, nocturnal pain of the eyes, headache and dizziness, scrofula, gall tumor, breast carbuncle, mastication, breast distension and pain.
[usage and dosage] 9 ～ 15g.
[storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris l.var.vulgaris l.var.vulgaris l.var.vulgaris l.var.vulgaris l.var.vulgaris l.var.vulgaris l.var.vulgari

Ear contentUrsolic acid，oleanolic acid ，Ursolic acidandoleanolic acid Saponins that are major aglycones,Carotene(daucosterol), β - geraniol and its esters of tetracosanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid and triacontanoic acid.

The whole grass contains prunellin, an acidic polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris with anti human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), andoleanolic acid ，Ursolic acid，oleanolic acid Rutin, a saponin of aglycone（rutin)，Hyperin，caffeic acid, vitamin CvitaminD， Carotene, tannin, sensory and volatile oil, including l-camphor（camphor）, d-fennel.

The aerial part contains coumarin compounds: umbelliferolide,Luteolin，Aesculetin, flavonoids:Luteolin, homoorientin, also known asIsoorientin（isoorientin)， Luteolin-7-o-glucoside, rutin, auriferin,Isoquercitrin。

Inflorescence containingDelphinidinAnd the glycosides of cyanidin, primula-3,5-diglucoside,quercetin ，KaempferolAnd volatile oil, including d-camphor and Shixuan fennel ketone.

Leaves contain a variety of fatty acids: oleic acid, linolenic acid,Myristic acid，palmitic acid, stearic acid and hydrochloric acid.

3、 Pharmacological action of Prunella vulgaris

1. antihypertensive effect: the water extract, ethanol water extract and 30% ethanol extract of this product have antihypertensive effect on anesthetized animals. Intravenous injection of Prunella vulgaris Decoction 100mg/kg in dogs has obvious hypotensive effect, but it is easy to produce rapid tolerance phenomenon. The hypotensive effect of intravenous injection of 1-1.5g in sheep is similar to that in dogs. Chronic skin bridge dogs, 2g/kg twice a day, also have hypotensive effect. In dogs with renal hypertension, taking the medicine for 2 weeks also has a certain antihypertensive effect, but it recovers to the original level after stopping the medicine. It is also believed that its antihypertensive effect is closely related to the inorganic salt contained in this product.

2. effect on immune function: subcutaneous injection of this product can significantly atrophy the thymus and spleen of animals, and significantly increase the adrenal gland; Intraperitoneal injection can significantly increase the plasma cortisol level. Pathological examination showed that the thymic cortex was significantly thinned, lymphocytes were sparse, and the white pulp was smaller in the spleen, lymphocytes were sparse and the boundary between lymphocytes and red pulp was blurred, which could also increase the cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex and expand the blood sinuses. It indicates that this product may be an immunosuppressant, so it may have potential therapeutic significance for some pathological damage caused by immune process. Taking this product in large quantities for a long time can prevent the immune function of the body from being inhibited.

3. hypoglycemic effect: an unidentified compound extracted from Prunella vulgaris (temporarily known as hypoglycemic). Subcutaneous injection of hypoglycemic hormone 50mg/kg into mice could significantly inhibit the increase of blood glucose caused by alloxan damage (P < 0.001). Its minimum effective dose is 15mg/kg (mouse). .

4. antibacterial and antiviral effects: the in vitro test shows that the decoction of this product has different degrees of inhibitory effects on Shigella, typhoid, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, proteus, Staphylococcus and human tuberculosis. Its alcohol extract has inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa on agar medium. The water extract (1:4) has different degrees of inhibition on some common pathogenic fungi of skin diseases in the test tube. The extract of this product has anti herpes simplex virus type I effect in vitro.