1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Lingxiao flower
This product is the dried flower of Campsis grandiflora (thunb.) k.schum. or Campsis radians (L.) seem., a plant of the family Violaceae. The flowers are picked in full bloom in summer and autumn and are dry.
[character] Lingxiao is wrinkled and curly, yellowish brown or tan, and the complete flower is 4-5cm long. The calyx tube is bell shaped, 2-2.5cm long, with 5 lobes, which are split to the middle. There are 5 longitudinal edges from the base of the calyx tube to the calyx tooth tip. . Stamen 4, inserted on the corolla, 2 long and 2 short, anther shaped, style 1, stigma flat. It has a light fragrance, slightly bitter and sour taste.
The complete flower of Campanula Americana is 6 ～ 7cm long. The calyx tube is 1.5 ～ 2cm long, hard leathery, the apex is 5-toothed, the lobes are short triangular, about 1/3 of the calyx tube, and there is no obvious longitudinal edge outside the calyx tube; .
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. The pollen grains are round in shape, 24 ～ 31 μ m in diameter, with 3-pore grooves and very fine reticular carvings on the surface. The glandular hairs are yellowish or yellowish brown, and the head is multicellular, oblate, quasi circular or oblong. On the side, the cells are arranged in a grid like manner in 1-2 layers, and the stalk is 1-3 cells. ; Threaded conduit.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 15ml of petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃), sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, discard the petroleum ether liquid, add 15ml of methanol to the drug residue, sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. . According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate respectively, use trichloromethane methanol (9:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, and smoke them in iodine vapor until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
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[nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, sour and cold. Return to liver and pericardial meridian.
[functions and indications] activating blood circulation and dredging meridians, cooling blood and dispelling wind. For irregular menstruation, menorrhagia, postpartum breast swelling, rubella redness, skin itching, acne.
[usage and setting] 5 ～ 9g.
[note] pregnant women should use it with caution.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture.

2、 Chemical constituents of Campanula

Lingxiao flower containsApigenin（apigenin），β - sitosterol（β-sitos-terol）

3、 Pharmacological effects of Lingxiao flower

1. it can inhibit the contraction of isolated porcine coronary artery strips; It can inhibit the formation of thrombosis in rats, accelerate the electrophoresis of red blood cells, increase the electrophoresis rate of red blood cells, and make the blood red blood cells in a dispersed state; It can significantly increase the contractile activity, contractile frequency and contractile intensity of isolated pregnant uterus.

2. apigenin has moderate spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle and anti ulcer effect. β - sitosterol has blood cholesterol lowering, cough relieving, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other effects.