1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Tsaoko
This product is the dried and mature fruit of Amomum Tsao Ko crevost et Lemaire, a ginger plant. .
[properties] the product is long oval, with three blunt edges, 2-4cm long, 1-2.5cm in diameter. The surface is grayish brown to reddish brown, with longitudinal grooves and edges. The top has a round raised plinth, and the base has a fruit stalk or fruit stalk mark. The fruit cortex is tough and easy to tear longitudinally. Peel off the skin, with a yellowish brown septum in the middle, and divide the seed mass into 3 petals, with 8-11 seeds in each petal. ; It is hard and the endosperm is gray white. It has a special aroma, pungent and slightly bitter.
[identification] (1) cross section of the seed: the parenchyma cells of the aril coat contain starch granules. The epidermal cells of seed coat are brown, rectangular, and have thick walls; ; The oil cell layer is a row of oil cells, square or rectangular, with a tangential direction of 42-162 μ m and a radial direction of 48-68 μ m, containing yellow oil droplets; The pigment layer is a series of brown cells with shrinkage. The endocarp is a row of grid shaped thick walled cells, brownish red, extremely thick inner and lateral walls, small lumen, containing siliceous blocks. The ectosperm cells contained starch granules and a few fine calcium oxalate clusters and square crystals. The endosperm cells have vague powder grains and starch grains.
(2) Take the volatile oil under [content determination] and add ethanol to make a solution containing 50 μ l per 1ml as the test solution. In addition, take Eucalyptus oleoresin reference substance and add ethanol to make a solution containing 20 μ l per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 μ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use n-hexane ethyl acetate (17:3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same blue spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
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[content determination] determine according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
The content of volatile oil in the seed mass of this product shall not be less than 1.4% (ml/g).
Decoction pieces
[processing] take the Tsaoko kernel, fry it according to the clear frying method (general rule 0213) until it is burnt yellow and slightly bulging, remove the shell, and take the kernel. Mash when needed.
The product is conical polyhedron with a diameter of about 5mm; the surface is brown to reddish brown, and some can be seen covered with gray white membranous aril. The seed ridge is a longitudinal groove with a concave hilum at the tip. Endosperm grayish white to yellowish white. It has a special aroma, pungent and slightly bitter.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 6.0%.
[content determination] the content of volatile oil in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).
[identification] the same as medicinal materials.
Take the ginger grass nuts and fry them according to the ginger juice roasting method (general rule 0213). Mash when needed.
. It has a special aroma and tastes spicy and bitter.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 6.0%.
[content determination] the content of volatile oil in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.7% (ml/g).
[identification] the same as medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to spleen and stomach meridian.
[functions and indications] in the middle of drying dampness and warming, it can cut malaria and remove phlegm. For cold and damp internal resistance, abdominal distension and pain, fullness and vomiting, malaria cold and heat, plague fever.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
[storage] store in a cool and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Tsaoko

The fruit contains volatile oil, and the main components in the oil are α - pinene, β - pinen, 1,8-cineole, ρ - Cymene,LinaloolLinaloolo, α - terpineol, nerolidol, nonanal, capric aldehyde, trans-2-undecenal, neral, geraniol; It also contains trace elements (ug/g): zinc 69.2, copper 7.33, iron 57.2, manganese 283.7, drill 0.89.
There are 21 components in the volatile oil of seed oil: 1,8-cineole, 2-decenal, geranial, neral.

3、

1. antitussive and expectorant effects: a- and β - pinene contained in this product have antitussive and expectorant effects. 1,8-cineole has analgesic, antipyretic and antiasthmatic effects.

2. anti inflammatory and antibacterial effects: b-pinene has strong anti-inflammatory effects and antifungal effects. Geraniol has anti-bacterial and fungal effects. The minimum inhibitory concentration of geraniol against Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Microsporum auduens is 0.39mg/ml.

3. other effects: low dose geraniol can inhibit the spontaneous activity of rats. Oral administration of geraniol in rats can inhibit gastrointestinal motility, and a small amount of oral administration has mild diuretic effect. Geraniol also has the effect of repelling Ascaris lumbricoides in guinea pigs.