1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of cardamom
This product is the dried and nearly mature seed of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, a ginger plant. Harvest in summer and autumn, sun it to 90% dry, or heat it with water, sun it to half dry, remove the peel, take out the seed ball, and dry it.
[properties] this product is a quasi spherical seed mass, with a diameter of 1.5 ~ 2.7cm. The surface is grayish brown, and there is a yellow white septum in the middle. The seed mass is divided into three petals, each of which has many seeds, and the adhesion is tight, and the seed mass is slightly smooth. The seed is oval polyhedron, 3-5mm long, about 3mm in diameter, covered with light brown membranous pseudoseed coat, and the seed ridge is a longitudinal groove with a seed umbilicus at one end; The seed is hard in quality. The seed is vertically sectioned into two petals along the seed ridge. The vertical section is oblique heart-shaped. The part of seed coat extending inward along the seed ridge accounts for about 1 / 2 of the whole surface area; The endosperm is gray white. It is fragrant, pungent and slightly bitter.
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: sometimes the aril remains, which are polygonal parenchymal cells. The epidermal cells of seed coat are round, and the wall is thick; The lower epidermis is composed of 1-3 rows of parenchymal cells with slight tangential extension; The pigment layer is a series of brown cells with 1-2 rows of round like oil cells scattered between them, with a diameter of about 50 μ M; The endocarp is a row of grid shaped thick walled cells, brownish red, extremely thick inner and lateral walls, small lumen, containing siliceous blocks. . The endosperm cells were vaguely powdery.
Powder yellowish brown. The surface of seed coat epidermal cells is long strip, with a diameter of about 30 μ m, and the wall is slightly thick, which is often vertically arranged with the upper and lower layers of the lower skin cells; The surface of the lower skin cells is long polygonal or quasi rectangular. The pigment layer cells are shrunken, with unclear boundaries, containing reddish brown substances, and easily broken into irregular pigment patches. The oil cells are scattered among the cells of the pigment layer, and are oval or oblong, containing yellow green oil. The thick walled cells of the endoderm are yellowish brown or reddish brown, polygonal on the surface, thick walled, non lignified, and contain siliceous masses in the lumen; . The ectosperm cells were filled with starch clusters formed by starch granules, and some were embedded with fine calcium oxalate crystals. The endosperm cells were vaguely powdered and fatty oil droplets.
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 5ml of methanol, heat it in a water bath and shake it for 5 minutes, filter it, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, take the kaempferol reference substance and cardamom reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference solution. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same light blue fluorescent spot appears at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance of kaempferol; Spray with 5% ferric trichloride ethanol solution. The same brown spots appear in the chromatogram of the test sample at the position corresponding to that of the reference substance of cardamom.
[content determination] the volatile oil shall be determined according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).
Kaempferol, qiaosongsu, cardamom and Aldrin were determined by HPLC (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; .
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Time (min) mobile phase a (%) mobile phase B (%)
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0～20 60 40
20～21 60→74 40→26
21～31 74 26
31～32 74→80 26→20
32～42 80 20
42～45 80→95 20→5
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Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of Alpinia officinalis reference substance, qiaosongsu reference substance, cardamom reference substance and Aldrin reference substance, accurately weigh them, and add methanol to make a solution containing 40 μ g of each of Alpinia officinalis, qiaosongsu, cardamom and 80 μ g of aldrin per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, place in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of methanol precisely, weigh, sonicate (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the weight lost with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 5 μ l each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
According to the calculation of dry products, the total amount of Alpinia officinalis (c16h14o4), qiaosongsu (cn15h12o4) and cardamom (c16h14o4) shall not be less than 1.35%, and Aldrin (c19h18o) shall not be less than 0.50%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities. Mash when needed.
[character], [identification], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to spleen and stomach meridian.
[functions and indications] dry dampness, move Qi, warm the middle and stop vomiting. It is used for cold and damp internal resistance, abdominal distension, cold pain, belching and vomiting, and not thinking about diet.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
[storage] store in a cool and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of cardamom Amomum

Seeds contain flavonoids:quercetin ，Kaempferol，rhamnocitrin，Arbutin，Kaempferol, cardamom chalcone,Qiaosongsu; diphenylheptane compounds: (5R) - trans-1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy - Δ 6-hepten-en-3-one, (3S, 5S) - trans-1,7-diphenyl-3,5-dihydroxy - Δ 1-hepten, trans-1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy - Δ 1-hepten, trans-1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy - Δ 4,6-heptadien-3-one (3S, 5R) - 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptane, trans-1,7-diphenylheptane phenyl - Δ 4,6-heptadiene-3-one. The volatile oil of semen tumefaciens contains trans cinnamaldehyde, trans, trans farnesol,Cineole， α - cypermene,Linalool, camphor, 4-terpineol, dill ethrin,bornyl acetate ，Pyrene acetate, methyl cinnamate, nerolidol, camphene, limonene, α - pinene, β - pinene,borneolIt also contains trace elements (μ g/g): copper (Cu) 6.94, iron (FE) 54.7, manganese (MN) 144.
The rhizome contains dihydro-5,6-dehydrocavarin and 5,6-dehydrocavarin.

3、 Pharmacological effects of cardamom

1. cardamom decoction can excite the isolated intestine of guinea pigs at low concentration, while it can inhibit both the concentration above 1% and the saturated aqueous solution of volatile oil.

2. Pavlovian small stomach test was used. 60-80ml of 10% aqueous extract of cardamom Amomum was poured into the main stomach, and the secretion of small stomach was measured. The results showed that it had no effect on the total acid output of the stomach, but significantly increased the activity of pepsin. In 1979, itokawah et al reported that the ethanol extract of cardamom Amomum seed had no antagonistic effect on mouse ascites sarcoma 180. In 1980, lizailu et al reported that the extract of cardamom had no obvious effect on total acid excretion, but significantly increased pepsin activity through chronic pharmacological experiments in dogs with three pass Pavlovian stomachs.