1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Aconitum kusnezoffii
This product is the dried root of Aconitum kusnezoffii reichb., a plant of Ranunculaceae. When the stems and leaves wither in autumn, they shall be dug to remove fibrous roots and sediment and dried.
[properties] this product is irregular long conical, slightly curved, 2-7cm long, 0.6-1.8cm in diameter. There are often residual stems and a few adventitious root residues at the top. Some have a withered bud on one side of the top, and a circular or oblate adventitious root residue on one side. The surface is grayish brown or dark brown, wrinkled, with longitudinal wrinkles, punctate fibrous root marks and several tumor shaped lateral roots. It is hard, with gray or dark gray cross-section, cracks, ring like polygonal or quasi circular cambium, and large or hollow medulla. .
[identification] (1) cross section of this product: the metazoan cortex is 7-8 rows of brownish yellow thrombotic cells; There are stone cells in the cortex, scattered singly or in groups of 2-5, rectangular, square or oblong in shape, and the cell cavity is large; The endothelial layer was evident. . The cambium ring is irregular polygonal or quasi circular. Xylem vessels are clustered in 1-4 rows or several, located at the inner side of the cambium corner, and some contain brownish yellow substances. The medulla is larger. Parenchyma cells were filled with starch granules.
. The starch granules were round in shape, with a diameter of 2-23 μ M; The compound granule is composed of 2-16 fractions. . The metazoan cortical cells are brown in color, square like or long polygonal in appearance, with uneven thickening of the wall, and some of them protrude into the cell cavity in a tumor like manner.
(2) Take 2G of this product powder, add 2ml of ammonia test solution to moisten, add 20ml of ether, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, volatilize the filtrate, add 1ml of dichloromethane to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, aconitine reference substance, hypaconitine reference substance and mesaconitine reference substance were added with isopropanol chloroform (1:1) mixed solution to make a mixed solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the control solution. According to the oxygen (general rule 0502) test of thin-layer chromatography, suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use n-hexane ethyl acetate methanol (6.4:3.6:1) as the developing agent, put them in the developing cylinder saturated with ammonia vapor for 20 minutes, develop, take out, dry them, and spray dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the impurity (residual stem) shall not exceed 5% (general rule 2301).
The moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (general rule 2302).
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Acetonitrile tetrahydrofuran (25:15) was used as mobile phase a, and 0.1mol/l ammonium acetate solution (0.5ml of glacial acetic acid per 1000ml) was used as mobile phase B. gradient elution was performed as specified in the following table; The detection wavelength was 235nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the peak of mesaconitine.
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Time (min) mobile phase a (%) mobile phase B (%)
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0～48 15→26 85→74
48～48.1 26→35 74→65
48.1～58 35 65
58～65 35→15 65→85
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Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of aconitine reference, hypaconitine reference and mesaconitine reference, weigh accurately, add isopropanol chloroform (1:1) mixed solution to make a mixed solution containing 0.3mg of aconitine, 0.18mg of mesaconitine and 1mg of mesaconitine per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 2G of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh, place in a corked conical flask, add 3ml of ammonia test solution, precisely add 50ml of isopropanol ethyl acetate (1:1) mixed solution, weigh, and sonicate (power 300W, frequency 40KHz; Water temperature is below 25 ℃) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, use isopropanol ethyl acetate (1:1) mixed solution to make up the lost weight, shake well, and filter. Accurately measure 25ml of the secondary filtrate, recover the solvent to dryness under reduced pressure below 40 ℃, precisely add 3ml of isopropanol chloroform (1:1) mixed solution to the residue, dissolve, plug, shake well, filter, and take the secondary filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The total amount of aconitine (c34h47non11), hypaconitine (c33h45no10) and mesaconitine (c33h45no11) in this product should be 0.10% - 0.50% according to the dry product.
Decoction pieces
[processing] raw Aconitum kusnezoffii remove impurities, wash and dry.
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[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, bitter and hot; It is highly toxic. Homing, liver, kidney and spleen meridians.
. It is used for wind cold dampness arthralgia, joint pain, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, cold hernia pain and anesthesia pain relief.
[usage and dosage] generally used after processing.
[note] it is advisable to take raw products with caution; ; It should not be used with Pinellia ternata, Fructus Trichosanthis, Fructus Trichosanthis, pericarpium trichosanthis, trichosanthin, Fritillaria chuanensis, Fritillaria zhejianensis, Fritillaria pingensis, Fritillaria yiensis, Fritillaria hupehensis, cayratiatia japonica, Baiji.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of Aconitum kusnezoffii

Each part of Aconitum carmichaeli contains alkaloids, mainlyAconitine. aconitine is formed after hydrolysisAconitine, acetic acid and benzoic acid.

The leaves also contain inositol and tannin. Aconitum multiflorum containsAconitine, Junggar aconitine, Junggar aconitineAconitine Polygonum, aconitine, aconitine. Aconite roots in Junggar contain 1.5% of total biomass, mainlyAconitine, Junggar aconitine. . Aconitum Yadong contains pseudoaconitine as alkaloid. The aerial parts (leaves and stems) of shikonin contain alkaloids of 0.58%, of which the crystalline alkaloid is shikonin 0.43%. It is reported that besides aconitine and mesaconitine, there are also hypaconitine and inertinine in Japanese Aconitum.

3、 Pharmacological action of Aconitum kusnezoffii

1. ;

2. Aconitine can cause arrhythmia and hypertension, and can also enhance the toxic effect of Citrus grandiflora G on myocardium, which has obvious local anesthetic effect;

3. Aconitum polysaccharide can significantly reduce normal blood glucose;

4. Aconitum injection has anticancer effect and inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cells.