1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of morning glory
This product is the dried and mature seeds of the Convolvulaceae plant Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy or Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt. When the fruit is not mature in autumn and the shell is not cracked, the plants are harvested, dried in the sun, and the seeds are planted to remove impurities.
[properties] this product is orange petal like, 4-8mm long and 3-5mm wide. Its surface is gray black or yellowish white, with a shallow longitudinal groove on the back, and a dot shaped hilum at the lower end of the ventral edge line, which is slightly concave. . It has slight air, pungent and bitter taste, and has a tingling feeling.
[identification] (1) take this product and soak it in water. The seed coat is cracked, and there is an obvious sticky and slippery feeling when twisting.
(2) The powder of this product is yellowish brown. . Non glandular hairs are single-cell, yellowish brown, slightly curved, and 50-240 μ m long. There are secretory cavities in the cotyledon fragments, which are round or oval with a diameter of 35-106 μ M. The diameter of calcium oxalate clusters is 10 ～ 25 μ M. Palisade tissue fragments and bright bands are visible.
(3) Take 1g of this product powder, put it into Soxhlet extractor, use a proper amount of petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃), heat and reflux for extraction for 2 hours, discard the petroleum ether solution, volatilize the solvent from the drug residue, add dichloromethane methanol (3:1) mixed solution for extraction for 6 hours, recover the solvent to 5ml, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of Petunia reference medicinal material was taken, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then take caffeic acid reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10-20 μ l of the test solution and the control medicinal material solution, and 3 μ l of the control solution, respectively, onto the same high-performance silica gel G thin-layer plate, use dichloromethane methanol formic acid (93:9:4) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray phosphomolybdic acid test solution, and heat at 110 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same blue and black spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 10.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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Decoction pieces
[processing] Petunia seeds remove impurities. Mash when needed.
[character], [identification], [inspection], [extract] are the same as medicinal materials.
Stir fry the morning glory, take out the net morning glory, and stir fry it according to the clear frying method (general rule 0213) until it is slightly swollen. .
This product is shaped like a cow, with a dark brown or yellowish brown surface and a slight bulge. It has a slight aroma.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 8.0%.
[extract] the same as that of medicinal materials, not less than 12.0%.
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[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter and cold; . .
[functions and indications] it can relieve water and defecate, eliminate phlegm and drink, kill insects and attack accumulation. It is used for edema, fullness, obstruction of two stools, accumulation of phlegm and drink, asthma and cough due to Qi inversion, and abdominal pain due to insect accumulation.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G. Take it in pills, 1.5 ～ 3G each time.
[note] it is forbidden for pregnant women; It should not be used with croton and croton cream.
[storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Petunia hybrida

Petunia seeds contain Petunia glucoside, Petunia acid A andgallic acidPetunia glycoside is a mixture, which is the glycoside of various organic esters of hydroxy fatty acids. The petunia acid obtained by saponification is a mixture containing at least four compounds, two of which have been purified. After acid hydrolysis, Petunia acid B, glucose and rhamnose can be obtained. It also contains the alkaloids ergot alcohol, naked ergot base, pennyrone ergot base, isopyrone ergot base and wildrye base.
Unheated seeds contain gibberellin A20, gibberellin A3 and gibberellin A5.

3、 Pharmacological effects of morning glory

The chemical property of morning glory glycoside is similar to that of purgative root essence, which has strong purgative effect. . According to animal experiments, there is no difference between the purgative effect of black ugly and white ugly. There are few studies on the purgative mechanism of morning glory. Unlike magnesium sulfate and rhubarb, it does not cause drastic changes in blood glucose during purgation, but can accelerate the excretion of inulin in the kidney, which may have diuretic effect. The water and alcohol extracts of morning glory have purgative effect on mice, but after decocting, they lose their effect. The aqueous solution after removing the morning glory glycoside still seems to have a purgative effect, so in addition to the known morning glory glycoside, it may also contain other purgative components.

In vitro test, black ugly and white ugly still have some insect repellent effects on Ascaris lumbricoides. ; Intravenous injection of 1 mg / kg had no obvious effect on blood pressure and respiration of anesthetized dogs and rabbits. The median lethal dose of subcutaneous injection to mice was 37.5 mg / kg. It is toxic to people, but it is not large. In addition to direct stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract, which causes vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and mucus bloody stool, a large amount of it may also stimulate the kidneys and cause hematuria. In severe cases, it may also damage the nervous system and cause speech disorder, coma, etc.

Tricolor morning glory contains isoergotamide, ergotamide and naked ergotamine, which have hallucinogenic effects.