1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Rhizoma Pinelliae
This product is processed from Pinellia ternata.
[preparation] take Pinellia ternata, separate its size, soak it in water until there is no dry core, and then take it out; In addition, take ginger slices to fry the soup, add alum and Pinellia ternata to boil thoroughly, take out, air dry, or air to semi dry, dry; Or slice and dry.
For every 100kg of pure Pinellia ternata, 25kg of ginger and 12.5kg of alum are used.
[properties] the product is in sheet, irregular granular or quasi spherical shape. . It is hard and brittle, with light yellowish brown section, and often has cuticular luster. It smells slightly, tastes light, has a slight numb tongue feeling, and is slightly sticky when chewing.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown to yellowish brown. Pale yellow gelatinized starch granules can be seen in parenchyma cells. Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles exist in oval mucus cells or are scattered everywhere. The needle crystal is 20-144 µ m long. The diameter of the threaded catheter is 10-24 µ M.The diameter of the needle crystal bundle is 10-24 µ M.The diameter of the needle crystal bundle is 0.5-1.5 μ M.The needle crystal bundle is mainly composed of the needle crystal bundle and the needle crystal.
(2) Take 5g of this product powder, add 50ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, filter it, evaporate the filtrate, add 30ml of ether to dissolve the residue, filter it, volatilize the filtrate, add 0.5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 5g of Pinellia ternata reference material and 0.1g of dried ginger reference material were prepared into the reference material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 µ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) - ethyl acetate glacial acetic acid (10:7:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the main spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of Pinellia ternata Thunb; A spot of the same color will appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material of dried ginger.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832)
The total ash content shall not exceed 7.5% (general rule 2302).
The alum limit is about 5g of this product powder (passing the No. 4 screen), accurately weighed, and determined according to the method under the alum limit of Pinellia ternata.
This product is calculated as dry product, and the alum content shall not exceed 8.5% based on aqueous potassium aluminum sulfate [Kal (SO4) 2 • 12H2O].
[extract] determined according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 10.0%.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. Return to spleen, stomach and lung meridians.
[functions and indications] it can warm the middle and dissipate phlegm, reduce nausea and vomiting. .
[usage and dosage] 3 ~ 9g.
[note] it should not be used with Aconitum carmichaeli, Radix Aconiti carmichaeli, Radix Aconiti carmichaeli and aconite.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of Rhizoma Pinelliae

It contains volatile oil, and the main components are 3-acetamino-5-methylisoxazole, butyl ethyl ether, 3-methyleicosane, hexadecendioic acid, methyl-2-chloroprotenoate, anethole, benzaldehyde, 1,5-pentadiol, 2-methylpyrazine (2-methylpyrazine), citcmlibal, 1-octene, . It also contains ephedrine, choline,β - sitosterol(β-ssitosterol)，Carotene(daucosterol)， Urogenic acid,Protocatechuic aldehyde(protocatechualdehyde)， Shogaol,Baicalin(baicaline)， Baicalein, gingerol, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloylglucose, 12,13-epoxy-9-hydroxynonadecadeca-7,10-dienoic acid and its derivatives. It also contains amino acids mainly composed of α - and β - aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid and inorganic elements mainly composed of calcium, iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, thallium, phosphorus, etc. It also contains polysaccharides, amylose, Pinellia ternata protein (a plant lectin) and trypsin inhibitors.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Rhizoma Pinelliae

1. antitussive effect: the decoction of raw Pinellia ternata, ginger Pinellia ternata, ginger soaked Pinellia ternata and alum Pinellia ternata, 0.6-1g/kgig or IV, has obvious antitussive effect on the cough caused by iodine solution injected into the chest or electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in cats, and can maintain for more than 5 hours. The antitussive effect of 0.6g/kg is close to that of codeine lmg/kg.

2. according to modern pharmacological research, Rhizoma Pinelliae has antiemetic, antitussive, expectorant, antibacterial, anticancer and anti early pregnancy effects; The antiemetic effect of this product is strengthened after being made with ginger juice; In addition, the product has obvious antagonistic effect on experimental ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular premature contraction; It can significantly inhibit the secretion of gastric juice and prevent and treat gastric ulcer.