1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of naoyanghua
This product is the dried flower of Rhododendron molle g. don, a Rhododendron plant in the Rhododendron family. 4、 The May flowers are harvested at the beginning of blooming and dried in the shade or in the sun.
[character] several flowers of this product are clustered on a stem, and many of them fall off as single flowers; Grayish yellow to yellowish brown, wrinkled. ; The Corolla is bell shaped, the tube is long, about 2.5cm, the top is folded, 5-lobed, the petals are broadly ovate, and the apex is blunt or slightly concave; Stamens 5, filaments curly, equal or slightly longer than corolla, hairy below the middle, anthers reddish brown, apical pore crack; Pistil 1, stigma capitate; The pedicel is 1 ～ 2.8cm long, brown and short hairy. The air is slight, and the taste is slightly numb.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. The pollen grains are tetrahedral in shape, 58-97 µ m in diameter, and have three germination pores. The non glandular hairs of the calyx are composed of multicellular cells, arranged in a cross array, with a diameter of 29-68 µ M. the non glandular hairs of the corolla are single-cell, with a diameter of 10-20 µ m, a length of more than 400 µ m, a thin wall, and some wall warts can be seen. . The epidermal cells of corolla are rectangular, square like or irregular, with a diameter of 26-78 µ m, thin wall and wavy bending.
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 50ml of water saturated n-butanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 2ml of absolute ethanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of the control medicinal material of Yanghua was made into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 µ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene ethyl acetate methanol (5:4:0.5) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% antimony trichloride in trichloromethane, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 10.0% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm; It is highly toxic. .
[functions and indications] dispel wind and dampness, disperse blood stasis and settle pain. It is used for rheumatic arthralgia, migraine, tumescent pain, and stubborn ringworm.
[usage and dosage] 0.6 ~ 1.5g, soaked in wine or into pill powder. For external use, wash in boiling water.
[note] do not take more or longer; It is forbidden for those with physical deficiency and pregnant women.
[storage] keep dry and damp proof.

2、 Chemical constituents of Rhododendron

The flowers contain mangrove toxin, i.e., resveratrol toxin Ⅰ or rhododexin (grayanotoxin Ⅰ, rhodofoxin）， There were four kinds of compounds, namely, ericol in, rhodomollein Ⅲ, Rhododendron Ⅲ, rhodojaponin Ⅲ or rhodojaponin Ⅲ, resveratrol Ⅲ and kalmanol.

3、 Pharmacological effects of naoyanghua

1. analgesic effect oral administration of naoyanghua decoction was proved to have significant analgesic effect by mouse hot plate method, electric shock method and rabbit central nervous system summation method, but the therapeutic index was low (2.24) and the safety range was narrow. The flower was ground into fine powder and made into suspension, infusion and tincture (evaporated to ethanol when used). Through the method of electric shock to mouse tail, it was proved that all kinds of preparations had analgesic effect, and their analgesic index was similar to that of opioids (the analgesic index of naoyanghua fruit suspension and opioid suspension were 28.9 and 30.0 respectively). The difference was that the analgesic effect was strengthened with the increase of opioid dose, while the analgesic effect was weakened with the increase of naoyanghua dose, and toxic symptoms occurred.

2. effects on cardiovascular system Balima toxin (i.e. mangrove toxin) has the effect of reducing blood pressure and slowing down heart rate. The slowing down of heart rate occurs first than the lowering of blood pressure, but the duration is short, which is closely related to the dose. . Although the heart rate slows down at general dose, it still shows sinus rhythm. If the dose is increased, T-wave changes and heart rhythm disturbances will occur, such as various types of premature contraction and nodal rhythm. Mild cases can recover by themselves, and severe cases will turn into ventricular fibrillation. These may excite the vagus nerve, inhibit the impulse of the sinus node, slow down the heart rate, and thus excite the ectopic rhythm points, resulting in various heart rhythm disorders. . It can significantly inhibit the carotid pressor reflex, and the inhibitory effect on myocardial contractility seems to have little to do with hypotension; Hypotension has nothing to do with sympathetic nervous system, but with muscarinic cholinergic response system; Procaine has an inhibitory effect on the hypotension and heart rate slowing of balimarin. It is presumed that the hypotension principle is to inhibit the vasomotor center or directly affect the peripheral blood vessels. The median lethal dose of Balima toxin to mice by intraperitoneal injection was 0.522mg/kg.

3. insecticidal effect: the flower has strong toxicity to insects, which belongs to contact toxicity and ingestion toxicity; Its effective components are mangrove toxin and photinin; It is also toxic to people. . It has no killing effect on Schistosoma japonicum infected rabbits. In addition, it was also reported that mangrove toxin was proposed very early in Rho dodendronhunnewellianum, a Rhododendron from hanniwei in China, and is the same as Rhododendron toxin (Rhododendron toxin); However, some people believe that although their functions are similar, they are not the same substance, which may be related to various factors in the extraction process.