1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Rosa laevigata
This product is the dried and mature fruit of Rosa laevigata michx., a Rosaceae plant. From October to November, the fruit is harvested when it ripens and turns red, dried and deburred.
[character] this product is a pseudofruit developed from the receptacle, which is obovate, 2-3.5cm long and 1-2cm in diameter. The surface is reddish yellow or reddish brown, with raised brown dots, which are residues after the burrs fall off. There are discoid calyx residues at the top, yellow stigma at the center, and acuminate at the bottom. Hard quality. . The air is slight, and the taste is sweet and slightly astringent.
[identification] (1) cross section of receptacle wall: the outer skin cells are square or slightly radially extended, and the outer and lateral walls are thickened and keratinized; The cells in the longitudinal section of the prick mark on the epidermis extend radially. The cortical parenchyma cell wall is slightly thick, with obvious pits, containing oil droplets and orange yellow substances, and some contain calcium oxalate crystals and clusters; Fiber bundles were scattered on the lateral side of the proximal cortex; Vascular bundles mostly exist in the middle and inside of the cortex, with outer tough type. There are fiber bundles on the outside of the phloem, and the vessels are scattered or radially arranged. The inner epidermal cells were rectangular, with thickened inner walls and keratinization; .
The receptacle powder is light meat red. Non glandular hairs are single-cell or multicellular, 505-1836 µ m long, 16-31 µ m in diameter, with lignified or slightly lignified walls, often with spiral stripes on the surface, and yellow brown substances in the cell cavity. Epidermal cells are polygonal, with thick walls and yellow brown inclusions. Calcium oxalate square crystals are common, rectangular or irregular, with a diameter of 16-39 µ m; cluster crystals are rare, with a diameter of 27-66 µ M. the diameter of threaded conduit, reticulated conduit, annulated conduit and marginal pitted conduit is 8-20 µ M. parenchymal cells are polygonal, lignified, pitted, and contain yellowish brown substances. The fiber is fusiform or strip-shaped, yellow, up to 1071 µ m long, 16-20 µ m in diameter, and the wall is lignified. The resin block is irregular, yellowish brown and translucent.
(2) Take 2G of the product powder, add 30ml of ethanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 20ml of water to dissolve the residue, shake and extract twice with ethyl acetate, 30ml each time, combine the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, add 2ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Take another 2G of Rosa laevigata reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 µ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform ethyl acetate methanol formic acid (5:5:1:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 18.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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[content determination] preparation of reference solution take 60mg of anhydrous glucose dried at 105 ℃ to constant weight, weigh it accurately, put it into a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to dissolve it and dilute it to the scale, shake it evenly, and get it (0.6mg of anhydrous glucose per 1ml).
Preparation of standard curve accurately measure 0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml and 2.5ml of the reference solution, place them in 50ml volumetric flasks, add water to the scale respectively, and shake well. .
Determination method: take about 0.5g of the crude powder of Rosa laevigata meat, accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, precisely add 50ml of water, weigh it, stand for 1 hour, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, use water to make up the lost weight, shake it well, filter it, accurately measure 1ml of the filtrate, place it in a 100ml measuring flask, add water to the scale, shake it well, accurately measure 25ml, place it in a 50ml measuring flask, add water to the scale, shake it well, accurately measure 2ml, place it in a stoppered test tube, and according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, measure the absorption according to the law from "each accurately add 1ml of 4% phenol solution".Light intensity, read the weight (µ g) of Rosa laevigata polysaccharide in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate.
The Rosa laevigata meat in this product is calculated as dry product, and the content of Rosa laevigata polysaccharide is calculated as anhydrous glucose (C6H12O6), which shall not be less than 25.0%.
Decoction pieces
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This product is an inverted oval longitudinal section valve. The surface is reddish yellow or reddish brown, with raised brown dots. There are calyx residues at the top and acuminate at the bottom. The wall thickness of the receptacle is 1 ～ 2mm, and the inner surface is light yellow, with residual light yellow villi. The air is slight, and the taste is sweet and slightly astringent.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 16.0%.
[identification] [content determination] is the same as that of medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] sour, sweet, astringent, flat. It belongs to kidney, bladder and large intestine.
[functions and indications] consolidate essence and shrink urine, consolidate collapse and stop band, astringe intestine and stop diarrhea. It is used for spermatorrhea, enuresis, frequent urination, metrorrhagia, diarrhea and dysentery.
[usage and dosage] 6 ～ 12g
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical constituents of Rosa laevigata

The fruit contains citric acid and malic acid. Rosa laevigata tanninB、Rosa laevigata tanninC、Rosa laevigata tanninD、Rosa laevigata tanninE、Rosa laevigata tanninF、Rosa laevigata tanninG， Agrimonin, procyanidin B-3, sanguiin H-4, pedunculagin, potentillin, agrimonic acid A andagrimonic acid B. Ivy saponin（hederagenin），Ursolic acid（ursolic acid），oleanolic acid Oleanolic acid, methyl 2A hydroxyursolate, methyl 2A methoxyursolate, methyl tormentate, methyl 11a hydroxyformate, methyl euscaphate, tormentic acid β - D-glucopyranosyl ester methoxy - β - d-glucopyranoside (tormentic acid-6-methoxy-β-D-glucopyra nosyl ester）， Euscaphic acid- β - D-Glu copyranosyl ester, methyl- β - d-glucopyranoside, sitosteryl- β - d-glucopyranoside, 7-oxysitosteryl- β - d-glucopyranoside, 7-hydroxysitosteryl-3-o - β - d-glucopyranoside, stigmasta-3a, 5a-diol-3-o - β - d-glucopyranoside.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Rosa laevigata

1. effects on urinary system the 6g/kg water extract of Rosa laevigata gavage can reduce the number of micturition, prolong the interval of micturition, and increase each micturition in rats with hypogastric nerve urinary frequency model.

2. effects on smooth muscle Rosa laevigata water extract can inhibit the spontaneous contraction of isolated rabbit jejunal smooth muscle, antagonize the spasmodic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunal smooth muscle and rat bladder smooth muscle caused by acetylcholine and barium chloride, and antagonize the contraction reaction of isolated rabbit thoracic aortic strips caused by norepinephrine. The inhibitory effects on the above three kinds of smooth muscle showed a significant dose-effect relationship.

. The steatosis of liver and heart was milder than that of the control group. The degree of atherosclerosis was also very mild, while the control group was very serious.

4. anti pathogen effect Rosa laevigata contains tannin. The bacteriostatic test was carried out by the plate method. 25% root decoction has a high bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and is also effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. .