1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Gentiana scabra
This product is the dried aerial part of the Compositae plant Conyza blinii L é VL. Harvest in summer and autumn, remove impurities and dry in the sun.
[character] the stem of this product is cylindrical, less branched, 30-100cm long, 0.2-0.6cm in diameter; the surface is yellowish green or light brownish yellow, with longitudinal edges and most white villi; . Single leaves alternate, the leaves are mostly curled and broken, and the intact ones are pinnately deeply split to fully split after flattening. The lobes are lanceolate, yellowish green, and both sides are densely covered with white fluff; The lower leaves are petiolate, and the upper leaves are almost sessile. The head inflorescence is about 1cm in diameter and has yellow white flowers. The achene is light yellow, flat, and the crown hair is 5-6mm long. It is slightly gassy and tastes very bitter.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellow green. Stem epidermal cells are rectangular or square like, stomata are indeterminate, and there are 5-6 accessory guard cells. Leaf epidermis cells are wavy and irregular, stomata are irregular, and there are 4-5 accessory guard cells. The glandular hair has 2-8 cells in the head, which are oblong in the top view, and the cells grow in pairs; The stalk has 4-13 cells arranged in 1-2 rows. Most of the non glandular hairs are broken and fiber like, with a sharp tip. The intact ones can reach 4mm, and the cell junctions are slightly expanded like bamboo knots.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, take the bitter artemisinin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 6 µ l of the test solution and 4 µ l of the control solution, respectively dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate acetone (5:3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 1% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 10.0% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 3.0% (general rule 2302).
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Methanol water (55:45) was used as mobile phase; The detection wavelength was 210nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 based on the peak of artemisinin.
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of artemisinin reference, weigh accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.
Preparation of the test solution take about 0.5g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 20ml of methanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the continuous filter solution.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 µ l of the reference solution and 10 µ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The content of artemisinin (c22h32o6) in this product shall not be less than 0.30% according to the calculation of dry product.
Decoction pieces
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[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. Return to lung and liver channels.
[functions and indications] it can clear away heat and phlegm, relieve cough and asthma, detoxify and diuresis, cool blood and stop bleeding. For lung heat cough, phlegm asthma, sore throat, mouth sores, damp heat jaundice, bleeding, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, trauma bleeding.
[usage and dosage] 6 ～ 9g.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Gentiana scabra

It contains 5,8,3 ', 4' - tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5,8,4 '- trihydroxy-7,3' - dimethoxyflavone, β - sitosterol, spinasterol, n-hexacosanoic acid, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3 ', 4' - trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,8,4 '- trimethoxyflavone andBlinin ，Emodin，Carotene, quercetin-3-o-glucoside,quercetin ，rutinandKaempferol。

3、

According to modern pharmacological research, the water decoction, water extract, alcohol extract, tree ester and saponin of Gentiana scabra can promote the excretion of phenol red in the respiratory tract of mice; The water decoction, water extract, alcohol extract, saponin and resin have different degrees of inhibition on Streptococcus A, Diplococcus pneumoniae, hemolytic streptococcus, Bacillus influenzae, diplococcus Neisseria, Bacillus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and catarrhalis, respectively. .