1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Sophora alopecuroides
This product is the dried whole grass of Picria FEL terrae lour., a plant of Scrophulariaceae. Harvest in autumn, remove impurities and dry in the sun.
[character] this product has fine fibrous roots. The stem is slightly square columnar, with slightly expanded nodes and many branches, 30-80cm long, 1.5-2.5mm in diameter, yellowish green, and the old stem is slightly purple; . The leaves are single and opposite, with many folds. The intact ones are oval or oval after flattening, 3-5cm long and 2-3cm wide, yellowish green to grayish green; Apex acute, base cuneate, margin obtusely serrated. The petiole is 1 ～ 2cm long, and all are short and rough. Racemes terminal or axillary, calyx lobes 4, outer 2 larger, ovoid, inner 2 small, strip; Corolla lip shaped. Capsule oblate ovate, enclosed in persistent sepals. The seeds are fine and numerous. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
[identification] (1) cross section of the stem of this product: 1 column of epidermal cells, and the tender stem is covered with non glandular hairs. There are 1-3 rows of thick horn tissue under the epidermis. The cortex consists of 4-6 rows of parenchymal cells, and there are round like phloem fiber bundles at the prismatic process. Phloem cells are 3-8 layers, and phloem cells of old stems contain yellowish brown to reddish brown substances, showing an obvious ring. The cambium is not obvious. Xylem vessels are large and continuous in rings, with 1-3 rows of wood ray cells arranged radially. The parenchymal cells in the medulla are large and contain calcium oxalate needle crystals or short columnar crystals.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 25ml of ethyl acetate methanol (5:1) mixed solution, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, 0.5g of Scrophularia alopecuroides reference medicinal material was prepared by the same method, and then the Scrophularia alopecuroides ia reference material was prepared into a solution containing 1mg per 1ml by adding ethanol as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 3 μ l of each of the above three solutions, respectively dot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol (41) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear.
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[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
The total ash content shall not exceed 13.0% (general rule 2302).
Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the hot leaching method under the alcohol soluble extract determination method (general rule 2201), 70% ethanol shall be used as solvent, which shall not be less than 13.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 264nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 4000 according to the peak of Picroside 1a.
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of Picroside ia reference, weigh accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution take about 1g of powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of 60% methanol precisely, close the stopper, weigh, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
According to the dry product, the content of Picroside IA (c41h62o13) in this product shall not be less than 0.25%.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold. It belongs to the lung, stomach and liver channels.
[functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, reduce swelling and relieve pain. .
[usage and dosage] 9 ～ 15g. Suitable for external use.
[storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of Sophora alopecuroides

Containing 5,7,4'-, trihydroxyflavone,β - sitosterol，Carotene，Picroside IA，Picroside x，Picroside IV，Picroside IB

3、 Pharmacological effects of Sophora alopecuroides

1. Antihypertensive effect: for intravenous injection of anesthetized rabbits, a small amount of kushenliu extract can slightly increase and then decrease blood pressure, while a large amount can only decrease blood pressure. Water extract, ethanol water extract and decoction have significant antihypertensive effect on anesthetized dogs, cats and rabbits.

2. Antibacterial effect: the 50% Decoction of Sophora alopecuroides has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Microsporum laniformis by plate dilution method.

3. Antipyretic effect: the ingredients proposed in the root of Sophora alopecuroides have antipyretic effect on rabbits with fever caused by typhoid vaccine. Scrophularia extract has antifungal effect, hemolysis, and causes local irritation.

4. Relieving vasospasm: Sophora alopecuroides can also increase the perfusion volume of isolated rabbit ears, and has a certain relieving effect on rabbit aortic vasospasm caused by potassium chloride and epinephrine.