1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of bitter wood
This product is the dried branches and leaves of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) benn. Harvested in summer and autumn, dry.
[properties] the branches of this product are cylindrical, with different lengths and diameters of 0.5 ~ 2cm; the surface is grayish green or brownish green, with fine longitudinal lines and many punctate lenticels; . The leaves are singly pinnate compound leaves, which are easy to fall off; Leaflets ovate long oval or ovate lanceolate, subsessile, 4-16cm long and 1.5-6cm wide; apex acute, base oblique or slightly rounded, margin obtuse; Both sides are usually green, and some of the lower surface is light purplish red, with pilosity along the midrib. The breath is slight and the taste is extremely bitter.
[identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellow green. The epidermal cells on the leaves were polygonal; There are many pores in the lower epidermis, and the pores are indeterminate. Mesophyll cells contain many calcium oxalate clusters. . Reticulate ducts and marginal pit ducts are huge and often broken. Wood ray cells are 1-8 rows higher, with slightly thicker cell walls and more obvious pits.
(2) Take 1g of powder of the product, add 10ml of methanol, cold soak overnight, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 1g of bitter wood reference material was taken, and the reference material solution was prepared by the same method. . In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, slice and dry branches; The leaves are sprayed with clean water, slightly moist, cut into shreds, and dried.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter, cold; . Return to lung and large intestine channels.
[functions and indications] clear away heat, detoxify and damp. It is used for wind heat and cold, sore throat, damp heat diarrhea, eczema, sores and boils, snake and insect bites.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 4.5g for branches and 1 ～ 3G for leaves. Suitable for external use.
[storage] put it in a dry place.

2、 Chemical constituents of bitter wood

1. the stem contains 1-carboethoxy-carbo-line, 1-carbomethoxy-carbo-line, 1-carbomethoxy-carbo-line, 1-formyl-carboline, 4,5-dimethoxy-canthin-6-one, 4,5-dimethoxy-canthin-6-one, 4,5-dimethoxy-canthin-6-one, and 4,5-dimethoxy-canthin-6-one, respectively.-one), matrine f is 4-methoxy-canthin-6-one, and matrine G is 1-vinyl-4,8-dimethoxy-carboline (1-vinyl-4, 8-dimethoxy-carboline)， Picrasidine CMatrineD、MatrineE. The trunk contains the contents of quassin, PI crashin, picrasin aPicrosinB、PicrosinC、PicrosinD、PicrosinE、PicrosinF、Bitter treeG， Nigakilactone aBitter wood lactoneB、Bitter wood lactoneC、Bitter wood lactoneD、Bitter wood lactoneE、Bitter wood lactoneF、Bitter wood lactoneG、Bitter wood lactoneH、Bitter wood lactoneI、Bitter wood lactoneJ、Bitter wood lactoneK、Bitter wood lactoneL、Bitter wood lactoneM。 The twigs contained (24Z) - 27-hydroxy-3-oxo-7, 24-kansui dien-21-aldehyde [(24Z) - 27-hydroxy-3-oxo-7, 24-tirucalladien-21-al], (24Z) - 27-hydroxy-7, 24-kansui dien-3-one], (24Z) - 3-oxo-3-high-27-hydroxy-7, 24-kansui dien-3-one], (24Z) - 3-oxo-3-high-27-hydroxy-7, 24-kansui dien-3-one [(24Z) - 3 -oxo-3 -homo-27-hydroxy-7, 24-tirucalldien-3-one], (24Z) - 27-hydroxy-3-oxo-7, Methyl (24Z) - 27-hydroxy-3-oxo-7, 24-tirucalladien-21-oate, (24Z) - 7, 24-kansui diene-3 β 27 diol, (24Z) - 7, 24-tirucalladiene-3 β 27 diol), (24Z) - 3 β 27-dihydroxy-7, 24-kansui dien-21-aldehyde [(24Z) - 3 β 27-dihydroxy-7, 24-tirucalladien-21-al]. It contains 1-vinyl-4,9-dimethoxy-carboline, 3- (4,8-dimethoxy-carbolinyl) - 1-methoxypropyl) ketone, 1-ethyl-4-methoxy-carboline, 5-5-methoxy Canthin-6-one, Canthin-6-one, 1-vinyl-4-methoxycarboline, 1-vinyl-4,8-dimethoxy-carboline, 1-formyl-carbaline 1-hydroxymethyl-carboline, 1-methoxycarbonyl-carboline, nigakinone, methylnigakinone, 3-methyl-cantin-5,6-dione. . In addition, it also contains picrasinoside aPicrosideB。

3、 Pharmacological effects of bitter wood

1. effect on blood flow: intravenous injection of 0.3mg/kg of ferumidone in bitter wood to rabbits can increase the blood flow rate of intestine and stomach of rabbits, with an increase rate of 15% and 10% respectively. However, matrine D, 5-hydroxy-4-methoxyfermicinone (5-hydroxy-matrine) f and matrine B only increased the blood flow rate of rabbit intestine. The study on the mechanism of increasing blood flow of bitter wood found that alkaloids in bitter wood inhibited camp phosphodiesterase. The 1-methoxycarbo-carboline isolated from the base of bitter wood inhibited camp phosphodiesterase in bovine heart with an IC50 of 3.6 × l0 (-5) mol / L. The IC50 of 5-hydroxy-4-methoxyfermicinone was 1.4 × l0 (-5) mol / L, and that of 4,5-dimethoxyfermicinone was 10.4 × l0 (-5).

2. anticancer effect: picroside-b isolated from bitter wood can inhibit the growth of lymphocytic leukemia P388 cell line in vitro, but its effect is weaker than that of 5-fluorouracil.

3. other effects: the - carboline in bitter wood has anti herpes simplex virus activity in vitro. The injection (2G crude drug / ml) made from the branches and leaves of bitter wood was subcutaneously injected into mice (0.2-0.5ml / mouse) and dogs (8ml / mouse), which had a very significant protective effect on mice and dogs poisoned by silver ring snake venom. The protective rate of mice was 75.6% and that of dogs was 100%.