1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Epimedium wushanense
  This product is the dried leaves of Epimedium wushanense T.S. Ying, a Berberidaceae plant. Harvest in summer and autumn when the stems and leaves are luxuriant, remove impurities, and dry in the sun or in the shade.
[character] this product is three compound leaves. The leaflets are lanceolate to narrow lanceolate, 9-23cm long and 1.8-4.5cm wide. The apex is acuminate or long acuminate, and the edge has thorny teeth. The lobes at the base of lateral leaflets are skewed, the inner lobes are small, round, and the outer lobes are large, triangular, and acuminate. The lower surface is woolly or bald. Nearly leathery. .
[identification] take 0.5g of this product powder, add 10ml of ethanol, warm soak for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l each of the above test solution and the reference solution under [content determination], dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform methanol water (3:1:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray aluminum chloride test solution, heat it at 105 ℃ for 5 minutes, and view it under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same yellow green fluorescent spots appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
[inspection] impurities shall not exceed 3% 〈 general rule 2301).
.
The total ash content shall not exceed 8.0% (general rule 2302).
[extract] according to the cold soak method under the determination of alcohol soluble diffusible matter (general rule 2201), using dilute ethanol as solvent, it shall not be less than 15.0%.
[content determination] determine according to high performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; With acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B, perform gradient elution as specified in the following table; The detection wavelength is 270nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the C peak of chaohuoding.
-------------------------------------------
Time (min) mobile phase a (%) mobile phase B (%)
-------------------------------------------
0～5 　　　 30 　 70
5～30 　　　30→27 　　 70→73
-------------------------------------------
Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of chaohuoding C reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.
.
The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
According to the calculation of dry product, the content of zhaohuoding C (c39h50o17) shall not be less than 1.0%.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities from Epimedium wushanense, spray water, moisten slightly, shred and dry.
Roast Epimedium wushanense, heat the lanolin oil to melt, add Epimedium wushanense wire, stir fry over low heat until it is even and shiny, remove and let cool.
For every 100kg of Epimedium wushanense, 20kg of lanolin oil (refined).
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, sweet and warm. Return to liver and kidney channels.
[functions and indications] Tonify Kidney Yang, strengthen muscles and bones, and dispel wind and dampness. It is used for kidney yang deficiency, impotence and spermatorrhea, muscle and bone flaccidity, rheumatism and arthralgia, numbness and contracture, and menopausal dizziness.
[usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g.
[storage] store in a dry place of Tonglan.

2、 Chemical constituents of Epimedium wushanense

The aerial part of Epimedium wushanense containsIcariinAnd wushanicariin,Pogoside I、baohuoside Ⅱ、baohuoside VI， Rouhuoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside,Icariin a，Icariin, 8-prenylkaempferol-4 '- methoxy-3 - [xylosyl (L → 4) rhamnoside] - 7-glucoside {8-prenylkaempferol-4' - methoxy-3 - [xylosyl (1 → 4) rhamnoside] - 7-glucoside} in addition, it also contains inorganic elements such as calcium.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Epimedium wushanense (L.)s.c.f.f.f.f.f.et Zucc.S.c.h.et Zucc.S.a.t.c.f.f.f.f.et Zucc

1. effect on sexual function: This product promotes sexual function because of the hypersecretion of semen, the stimulation of sensory nerves after the seminal vesicle is filled, and the indirect excitation of sexual desire. Although Epimedium water extract by gavage in dogs could not cause tail lifting reaction, it could promote the secretion of semen, with leaves and roots having the strongest effect, followed by fruits, and stems the weakest. . After Epimedium was used in patients with chronic tracheitis, the average 24-hour urinary excretion of 17 ketosterol increased significantly, even exceeding the level of healthy people, while the 24-hour urinary excretion of 17 hydroxycorticosteroids did not improve significantly. It is suggested that Epimedium has a certain role in promoting gonadal function.

. The cough inducing method with sulfur dioxide in mice proved that both methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had antitussive effects. The former can also completely inhibit the cough caused by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in cats, indicating that its effect is central. The methanol extract also has a protective effect on histamine induced asthma in guinea pigs.

3. anti pathogenic microorganism effect: This product has a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus aureus, and a mild inhibitory effect on catarrhalis Nissl, Diplococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Its concentration of 1% in the test tube can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. .

4. effect on cardiovascular system:

4.1. antihypertensive effect: the decoction and ethanol extract of this product have antihypertensive effect when injected intravenously into rabbits (2.5ml / kg), cats (2ml / kg) and rats (4ml / kg), of which the effect on rabbits is the most obvious. In rats with renal hypertension, intragastric administration of 10G / kg methanol extract of this product can significantly reduce blood pressure, and the blood pressure rises after withdrawal. According to the acute blood pressure test, Epimedium can inhibit and block the pressor reflex caused by bilateral common carotid arteries in rabbits, but can not block the pressor effect of norepinephrine. After atropine injection in cats, this product still has the antihypertensive effect, and the intensity is not significantly reduced, but it can significantly inhibit the blink membrane contraction response caused by electrical stimulation of pre ganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerves in cats, but has no obvious inhibitory effect on the response of electrical stimulation of post ganglionic fibers. Therefore, it is believed that the antihypertensive effect of Epimedium is not related to adrenergic a receptor and m-choline system, but mainly related to the blockade of sympathetic ganglia.

4.2. effects on the heart: the perfusion experiment of isolated rabbit hearts proved that the icariin alcohol extract and the non amino acid fraction (no5-1-1) extracted from 200% Epimedium Aqueous Extract Tablets could significantly increase the coronary flow of isolated rabbit hearts, and the latter increased by 75.3% on average compared with that before administration. Perfusing the isolated guinea pig heart with 200% Epimedium Decoction 0.5ml increased the coronary flow by 126.6% on average. The intravenous injection of no5-1-1 1g / kg in anesthetized dogs had no obvious effect on heart rate, but the coronary flow was significantly increased and the coronary resistance was significantly reduced. . No5-1-1 also has a protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia induced by Pituitrin in rats. It can significantly shorten the duration of experimental arrhythmia produced by pilocarpine K and epinephrine, although it cannot completely combat it. .

5. effect on mice's tolerance to hypoxia under normal pressure: mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1-0.15ml of 100% Epimedium decoction, which had a certain protective effect on Mice 'death from hypoxia.

6. effect on blood lipids: the experimental hyperlipidemic rabbits were gavaged with 100% Epimedium decoction, 5ml each time, twice a day, for a total of 30 days. After 10, 20, 30 days of administration, b-lipoprotein and cholesterol decreased, triglyceride only decreased 10 days after administration, and slightly increased 20, 30 days later.

7. effect on blood glucose: experimental hyperglycemic rats were gavaged with Epimedium extract 10mg / kg, which had obvious hypoglycemic effect, lasting for more than 60 minutes.

8. anti inflammatory effect: subcutaneous injection of 50mg / kg methanol extract of epimedium in rats can significantly reduce the degree of egg white induced foot swelling. Intragastric administration of 15g / kg in rabbits can reduce the increase in capillary permeability caused by histamine.

9. effect on immune function: Total Flavonoids of Epimedium can restore the function of antibody forming cells and antibody titer of Yang deficiency mice, significantly promote the lymphocyte stimulation index of Yang deficiency mice, making it close to normal animals. Epimedium Flavonoids can also increase the level of serum hemolysin antibody in mice, increase the number of antibody producing cells in spleen, promote PHA stimulated lymphocyte transformation reaction, and enhance the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages. However, 50% methanol extract of Epimedium pubescens could strongly inhibit the proliferation response of mouse lymphocytes to ConA and LPS and the mixed lymphocyte response of mice in vitro, and its inhibition rate was positively correlated with the drug concentration; In vivo, intragastric administration to mice can partially prolong the survival of cardiac allograft in neonatal rats.

10. effects on platelet aggregation and hemorheology: Herba Epimedii decoction, polysaccharides and total flavonoids can promote ADP induced platelet aggregation in normal rats, and the intensity of action is polysaccharide > Decoction > total flavonoids, and the three themselves have no effect on inducing platelet aggregation. However, Epimedium decoction can significantly reduce ADP induced platelet aggregation rate in healthy people and promote platelet disaggregation in some subjects. After oral administration of Epimedium Decoction to healthy people, the hematocrit was significantly reduced, the erythrocyte electrophoresis time was shortened, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was accelerated, thus the whole blood specific viscosity was significantly reduced.

11. effect on nucleic acid metabolism: gavage of Epimedium water decoction to mice with Yang deficiency caused by hydroxyurea can significantly improve their DNA synthesis rate. In vitro test of Epimedium Polysaccharide can increase the bone marrow cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate of mice with Yang deficiency caused by hydroxy porpoise by 72% and 68%.

12. other effects: the alcohol extract of Epimedium has an antagonistic effect on catecholamines, which is similar to propranolol. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10% Epimedium Decoction 20ml / kg, which had obvious sedative effect. Yinyanghuo can regulate the M receptor cGMP system, and its processed products can also significantly improve sexual function, increase the weight of accessory sexual organs, and increase the plasma testosterone content. It also has anti-aging effect.