1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of malt
    This product is a processed product of the mature fruit of the gramineous plant Hordeum vulgare L. after germination and drying. After soaking the wheat grains with water, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, and dry them in the sun or at low temperature when the sprouts grow to about 5mm.
[character] this product is fusiform, 8-12mm long and 3-4mm in diameter. Its surface is yellowish, and its back is surrounded by lemma, with 5 veins; The ventral surface is surrounded by palea. After the palea and palea were removed, there was a longitudinal groove on the ventral surface; . It is hard, white in cross section and powdery. The air is slight, and the taste is slightly sweet.
. The starch granules are round in shape, with a diameter of 3 ～ 60 μ m, and the umbilicus is herringbone or fissure shaped. The long cells on the surface of the lemma epidermis are arranged alternately with two short cells (thrombotic cells and siliceous cells); The long cells have thick walls, dense deep wavy bends, short cells are round like, and there are sparse mural pores. The non glandular hairs of wheat awns are slender and broken; The non glandular hair wall of the lemma epidermis is thin, with a length of 80-230 μ m; The scale is non glandular hair cone-shaped, the wall is slightly thick, and the length is 30 ～ 110 μ M.
(2) . Another 5g of malt reference medicinal material was taken, and the reference medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate respectively, make them into strips, use toluene chloroform ethyl acetate (10:10:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, and then use toluene chloroform ethyl acetate (10:10:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 15% nitric acid ethanol solution, heat them at 100 ℃ until the spots are clear, and inspect them under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
[inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
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Take 10g of this product for budding rate, according to the sampling method of medicinal materials (general rule 0211), take two diagonally opposite test samples, check the number of budding grains and the total number of grains, and calculate the budding rate (%).
The budding rate of this product shall not be less than 85%.
Aflatoxin was determined according to the aflatoxin assay (general rule 2351).
The content of aflatoxin B1 should not exceed 5 μ g per 1000g, and the total amount of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G3, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1 should not exceed 10 μ G.
Decoction pieces
[processing] remove impurities from malt.
[character], [identification], [inspection] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
Stir fry the malt, remove the malt, stir fry it according to the clear stir frying method (general rule 0213) until it is brownish yellow, let it cool, and screen off the dust.
This product is shaped like malt, with brown yellow surface and occasional scorch spots. It has aroma and slightly bitter taste.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 12.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 4.0%.
[identification] the same as medicinal materials.
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This product is shaped like malt, and its surface is scorched brown with scorched spots. It has scorched aroma and slightly bitter taste.
[inspection] the moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 4.0%.
[identification] the same as medicinal materials.
[nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet and smooth. Return to spleen and stomach meridian.
[functions and indications] it can promote qi digestion, invigorate the spleen and appetizer, return milk and reduce distension. It is used for food retention, abdominal distension and pain, spleen deficiency, milk stasis, breast distension and pain, women weaning, liver depression and flank pain, liver and stomach qi pain. . It is used for spleen deficiency, less food and milk stasis. Stir fried malt can promote digestion and milk recovery. It is used for women who are weaned from accumulated food. The scorched malt digests and dissolves stagnation. It is used for food retention, abdominal distension and pain.
[usage and dosage] 10 ～ 15g; stir fry 60g with milk.
[storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moths.

2、 Chemical composition of malt

Malt mainly contains α-amylase. In additionMacromaltine（hordenine）， Malt guanidine baseB，adenine(ADE nine) choline, protein, amino acid, vitamin DvitaminE， Cytochrome c. It also contains candici ne.

3、 Pharmacological action of malt

1. digestive aid: This product contains α and β amylase. . The glucose molecules that make up the sugar starch are linked by α - 1,4 glycoside bonds and arranged in a straight chain. Gum starch is a cross arrangement of several short straight chain condensed glucose. In addition to α - 1,4 glycoside bonds, there are also α - 1,6 glycoside bonds in amylopectin molecules. α and β amylases can hydrolyze α - 1,4 glycoside bonds, but have no effect on α - 1,6 glycoside bonds. β amylase can completely hydrolyze sugar starch into maltose, while α amylase can decompose it into short straight bond condensed glucose (i.e., dextrin), which can be hydrolyzed into maltose by β amylase. Therefore, starch can be decomposed into maltose and dextrin under the action of α and β amylase. Malt Decoction seems to slightly promote the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin.

2. hypoglycemic effect: oral administration of malt extract can reduce blood glucose in rabbits and normal people. The injection of 200mg of 5% injection made from the refined products of water extraction and alcohol precipitation of malt dregs into rabbits can reduce blood glucose by 40% or more, and most of them recover after 7 hours.

3. antifungal effect: barley alkaloids A and B contained in this product have antifungal activity.

4. inhibition of prolactin release: shengmalt Decoction 100-200g/d orally can inhibit the prolactin release peak of healthy people during sleep or metoprolol test, which may be related to the effect of women taking shengmalt Decoction on lactation. For patients with simple galactorrhea, it can make the galactorrhea disappear or relieve, but the metoprolol test response peak is not inhibited, and it is ineffective for amenorrhea galactorrhea syndrome with pituitary prolactinoma organic lesions.

. The 1.0mg / kg dose can enhance the tension and movement of guinea pig uterus, and increases with the increase of dose. For neostigmine induced bronchospasm in cats, the effective dose is 0.5-1.0mg / kg, but it has little effect on normal cats. There is also protection against radioactivity.