Seabuckthorn
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Hippophae rhamnoides         This product is a traditional Mongolian and Tibetan medicine. It is the dried and mature fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides L., a plant of Elaeagnus family. .
        [character]   . The pulp is oily and soft. The seeds are obliquely ovate, about 4mm long and 2mm wide; the surface is brown and shiny, with a longitudinal groove in the middle; The seed coat is hard, and the seed kernel is milky white and oily. The air is slight, and the taste is sour and astringent.
        [identification]   (1) Pericarp surface view: pericarp epidermal cells are polygonal on the surface, and the vertical wall is slightly thick. There are many peltate hairs on the epidermis, which are formed by more than 100 single-cell hairs adjacent to each other. The ends are separated. The single cell is 80 ～ 220 μ m long and about 5 μ m in diameter. The scar with hair loss is formed by 7 ～ 8 round cells, and the cell wall is slightly thick. Pulp parenchyma cells contained most orange red or orange yellow granules. There are many drops of bright yellow oil.
          (2) . In addition, take isorhamnetin reference substance and quercetin reference substance, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 1mg per 1ml each as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the silica gel G thin layer plate prepared with the same 3% sodium acetate solution, use toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (5:2:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray aluminum trichloride test solution, and inspect under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
        [inspection] impurities shall not exceed 4% (general rule 2301).
        The moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
        The total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (general rule 2302).
        Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 3.0% (general rule 2302).
        [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 25.0%.
        [content determination] total flavonoids   ; Take 20mg rutin reference substance, weigh it accurately, put it into a 50ml measuring flask, add an appropriate amount of 60% ethanol, put it in a water bath with slight heat to dissolve, cool it, add 60% ethanol to the scale, and shake it well. Accurately measure 25ml, put it into a 50ml measuring bottle, add water to dilute to the scale, shake well, and get (0.2mg rutin per 1ml).
        Preparation of standard curve   Accurately measure 1ml, 2ml, 3ml, 4ml, 5ml and 6ml of the reference solution, put them into 25ml volumetric flasks respectively, add 30% ethanol to 6.0mL each, add 1ml of 5% sodium nitrite solution, mix well, place for 6 minutes, add 1ml of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, shake well, and place for 6 minutes. Add 10ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, add 30% ethanol to the scale, shake well, place for 15 minutes, take the corresponding reagent as blank, measure the absorbance at the wavelength of 500nm according to the UV visible spectrophotometry (general rule 0401), take the absorbance as the ordinate and the concentration as the abscissa, and draw the calibration curve.
        Assay   Take about 2G of crude powder of the product, weigh accurately, add 30ml of 60% ethanol, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool it, filter it, add 25ml of 60% ethanol to the residue respectively, heat and reflux for 2 times, each time for 1 hour, filter it, combine the filtrate, put it into a 100ml volumetric flask, wash the residue with 60% ethanol, incorporate the washing solution into the same volumetric flask, dilute it with 60% ethanol to the scale, and shake it well. Accurately measure 25ml, put it into a 50ml measuring bottle, add water to the scale, shake well, and use it as the test solution. Accurately measure 3ml of the test solution, put it into a 25ml measuring flask, add 30% ethanol to 6ml, and according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, measure the absorbance according to law from "add 1ml of sodium nitrite solution", and at the same time take 3ml of the test solution, except for the test solution without sodium hydroxide, the rest are operated as above, as a blank, read the weight (mg) of Rutin in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate.
        This product is calculated as a dry product, and the total flavone content is calculated as rutin (c27h30o16), which should not be less than 1.5%.
        Isorhamnetin   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution (5842); The detection wavelength is 370nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3000 according to isorhamnetin peak.
        ; Take an appropriate amount of isorhamnetin reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 10 μ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of test solution   Take 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it precisely, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 50ml of ethanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with ethanol, shake it well, and filter it. Accurately measure 25ml of the secondary filtrate, put it into a corked conical flask, add 3.5ml hydrochloric acid, heat and hydrolyze it in a 75 ℃ water bath for 1 hour, cool it immediately, transfer it to a 50ml volumetric flask, wash the container with an appropriate amount of ethanol, merge the washing solution into the same volumetric flask, add ethanol to the scale, shake well, filter, and take the secondary filtrate.
        Assay   .
        .
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Sour, astringent, warm. .
        [function and indications]   It can invigorate the spleen and dissipate food, relieve cough and phlegm, promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. It is used for spleen deficiency, less food, abdominal pain due to food accumulation, cough and phlegm, chest pain, blood stasis, menstrual closure, falling and swelling.
        [usage and dosage]   3～10g。
        ; Place in a ventilated and dry place to prevent mold and moth.


2、 Chemical constituents of Hippophae rhamnoides
Seabuckthorn fruit contains flavonoids:Isorhamnetin（isorhamnetin），Isorhamnetin-3-o-glucoside（isorham-netin-3-O-glucoside）， Isorhamnetin-3-o - β -rutinoside,rutin（rutin），Astragaloside(astragalin) andquercetin (quercetin) andKaempferol(kaempferol) is a low glucoside of aglycone. It also contains vitamins A, B1, B2, C, e, dehydroascorbic acid, folic acid,Alpha carotene（α-carotene），β-Carotene（β-carotene），Carotenoid,Catechin（catechin）， Anthocyanin, et al.
The seeds contain oil, and the fatty acids are:palmitic acid（palmitic acid）， Stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, unsaponifiable parts: zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin,Alpha carotene，γ-Carotene,β - sitosterol(sitosterol), β - sitosterol - β - D-glucoside, and phosphotide. The skin contains serotonin and glucofurangulin. Leaves contain ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid,Isorhamnetin（isorha-mnetin）Alpha carotene，β-Carotene. root bark alkaloids, root nodules contain hemin.

3、 Pharmacological action of Hippophae rhamnoides
It can relieve cough and phlegm, dissipate food and remove stagnation, promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. It is used for cough, phlegm, indigestion, food accumulation, abdominal pain, depression, blood stasis and amenorrhea.