Shayuanzi
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of shayuanzi         This product is the dried mature seed of Astragalus complanatus R. br., a legume plant. At the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, when the fruit is ripe but not yet dehiscent, the plants are harvested, dried, seeded, impurities removed, and dried in the sun.
        [character]   . It is hard and not easy to break. Cotyledons 2, pale yellow, radicle curved, about 1mm long. Slightly gassy, light taste, beany taste when chewing.
        [identification] (1) the powder of this product is gray white. ; There is a bright band at 1 / 5 ～ 1 / 8 of the near lateral side; The surface is polygonal, the wall is extremely thick, the cell cavity is small, and the pore groove is fine and dense. The Sertoli cells of seed coat were short dumbbell shaped in lateral view; There are three concentric rings similar to circular or oval on the surface. Cotyledon cells contain fatty oil.
        (2) Take 0.2g of this product powder, add 10ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 2ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. Another 0.2g of the control medicinal material of Astragalus complanatus was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take the standard of astragaloside and add 60% ethanol to make a solution containing 0.05mg per 1ml as the standard solution. According to the test of thin layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 2 μ l of each of the above three solutions, dot them on the same polyamide film, use ethanol butanone acetylacetone water (3:3:1:13) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray aluminum trichloride test solution, dry with hot air, and view under the ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
        [check]   Moisture   Not more than 13.0% (general rule 0832 second method >.
        The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (general rule 2302).
          .
        [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (21:79); The detection wavelength was 266nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 4000 according to the peak of astragaloside.
        Preparation of reference solution take an appropriate amount of astragaloside reference, weigh accurately, add 60% ethanol to make a solution containing 15 μ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of the test solution take about 0.5g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh it, place it in a corked conical flask, precisely add 25ml of 60% ethanol, weigh it, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with 60% ethanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
        The determination method is to precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        According to the calculation of dry product, the content of salidroside (c28h32o16) shall not be less than 0.060%.
        Decoction pieces
        [processing]   Remove impurities from the seeds of Astragalus complanatus, wash and dry them.
        ; Same as medicinal materials.
        Salt sand garden seed take clean sand garden seed and fry it according to the salt water roasting method (general rule 0213).
        . It tastes slightly salty, and tastes beany when chewed.
        [check]   The moisture content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
        The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 6.0%.
        [content determination]   The content of salidroside (c28h32o16) in the same medicinal material shall not be less than 0.050%.
        [identification] [inspection]   .
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Gan, Wen. Return to liver and kidney channels.
        ; It can tonify the kidney and help Yang, firm the essence and shrink the urine, nourish the liver and brighten the eyes. It is used for kidney deficiency and low back pain, spermatorrhea and premature ejaculation, enuresis and frequent urination, leucorrhea, dizziness and dim eyes.
        [usage and dosage]   9～15g。
        ; Place in a ventilated and dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Astragalus complanatus
Astragalus complanatus contains fatty oil, vitamin A, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, proteins, amino acids, selenium, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, magnesium, chromium, calcium and other elements. The seeds are rich in oil, accounting for about 5% of the seed weight. The oil contains at least 14 fatty acids, including heptanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid（Myristic acid）, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, docosanoic acid (sorbic acid), among which unsaturated fatty acids account for about 40% of the total acids. In additionβ - sitosterolIn addition, the seeds also contain a variety of amino acids, which are separated from the ethanol extractAstragaloside(comparatulside, rhamnocitrin-3,4 '- O - β - d-diglucoside).　　

3、 Pharmacological effects of Astragalus complanatus
1. Anti inflammatory effect
Gavage of 20 and 30g/kg of Astragalus complanatus 100% water decoction and alcohol precipitation agent significantly inhibited the production of formaldehyde induced arthritis in rats (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).
2. Effect on Hemorheology
The total flavonoids of Astragalus complanatus with 30g/kg crude drug were given to the experimental hyperlipidemia rats by gavage. Results the hemorheological indexes such as whole blood specific viscosity and whole blood reduction degree of the rats in the medication group were significantly decreased, the hematocrit meter was high, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was slowed down, and the erythrocyte electrophoresis time was accelerated, P < 0.01 compared with the modeling control.
3. Inhibition of cancer cell growth
In vitro test, it has inhibitory effect on tumor cells. Astragalus complanatus contains more bioflavonoids, which have anticancer and antimutagenic effects and can inhibit tumor formation.
4.
For rats with hyperlipidemia caused by feed, the total flavonoids of Astragalus complanatus at a dose equivalent to 30g/kg of crude drug had a significant lipid-lowering effect, which could significantly reduce the high cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.01), and increase the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05).

5. Hypotensive effect
Increase cerebral blood flow. Intravenous injection of 0.125g/kg or 0.25g/kg of water decoction and alcohol precipitation of Astragalus complanatus could significantly reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized dogs (P < 0.05). It lasted for 30min, and the heart rate slowed down, and the cerebral blood flow increased significantly (P < 0.05).
6. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
Using born optical density method, it was found that total flavonoids of Astragalus complanatus could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen at final concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5mg/ml (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).
7. Hepatoprotective effect
The decoction of Astragalus complanatus and the extracted flavonoids, water-soluble and total amino acids were gavaged to normal mice and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) liver injury rats respectively. 5g/kg of decoction energy significantly reduced liver glycogen (P < 0.01), triglyceride (P < 0.01) and total liver protein (P < 0.01), and also significantly decreased SGPT and sterol content in the liver of CCl4 liver injury rats (P < 0.05).
8. Effect on immune function
Shayuanzi Decoction (5g/kg or 10g/kg) can significantly improve the activity of mouse splenocytes or serum lysozyme, significantly promote the incorporation of 3H TDR in mouse spleen under normal and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, but it does not affect the uptake of 3H TDR by thymus, and does not increase the weight of spleen.
9. It has analgesic and anti fatigue effects
. Swimming test proved that at the dose used. Astragalus complanatus can significantly prolong the swimming time of mice.