Aquilaria sinensis
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Aquilaria sinensis         This product is the resin containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis (lour.) gilg, a plant of Daphne family. It can be harvested all year round. The wood containing resin is cut, and the part without resin is removed and dried in the shade.
        [character]   This product is irregular, flaky or helmet shaped, and some are small pieces. The surface is uneven, with knife marks and occasional holes. Black brown resin and yellow white wood markings can be seen. The surface of holes and pits are mostly rotten wood. The texture is relatively solid, and the section is spiny. It smells fragrant and tastes bitter.
        [identification]   (1) Cross section of this product: the ray is 1-2 rows wide and filled with brown resin. The duct is round and polygonal, with a diameter of 42-128 μ m, and some contain Brown resin. The wood fiber is polygonal, with a diameter of 20 ～ 45 μ m, and the wall is slightly thick and lignified. Phloem among trees is oblate, elliptic or banded, often intersecting with rays, with thin cell wall, non lignified, containing brown resin; A few fibers were scattered, and some parenchymal cells contained calcium oxalate columnar crystals.
        (2) Take the alcohol soluble extract under the item [extract] and carry out micro sublimation to obtain a yellowish brown oil with rich aroma; Add a drop of hydrochloric acid and a small amount of vanillin to the oil, and then add 1-2 drops of ethanol to gradually turn cherry red, and the color will deepen after placing.
        (3) . Another 0.5g of the control crude drug of Aquilaria sinensis was prepared into the control crude drug solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 10 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use chloroform diethyl ether (10:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and inspect under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
        [characteristic map]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test   Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler (column length: 25cm, inner diameter: 4.6mm, particle size: 5 μ m, diamonsil CL8 or phenomenex Luna C18 column); Use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase B, and perform gradient elution according to the following table; ; The detection wavelength was 252nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 6000 according to the peak of agar tetranol.
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        Time (minutes)   Mobile phase a (%)   Mobile phase B (%)
    ---------------------------------------
     0～10         15→20      85→80
    10～19         20→23      80→77
    19～21         23→33      77→67
    21～39           33          67    
    39～40         33→35      67→65
    40～50           35          65    
    50.1～60         95          5    
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        Preparation of reference solution   Take about 0.2g of the control medicinal material of Aquilaria sinensis, weigh it precisely, place it in a corked conical flask, add 10ml of ethanol precisely, weigh it, sonicate it (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with ethanol, shake it well, stand still, take the supernatant, filter it, take the filtrate as the reference solution of the control medicinal material. .
        Preparation of test solution   Take the test solution under [content determination].
        Assay   Precisely aspirate 10 μ l of reference solution and 10 μ l of test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        There should be 6 characteristic peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of the test article, which should correspond to the 6 characteristic peaks in the chromatographic peaks of the reference substance of the control medicinal material, of which peak 1 should be consistent with the retention time of the reference substance peak of the control substance.
    
        ; According to the hot leaching method under the determination of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 10.0%.
        [content determination]   Determine according to high-performance liquid chromatography (general rule 0512).
        ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The column temperature was 30 ℃; The detection wavelength was 252nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 6000 according to the peak of agar tetranol.
    ---------------------------------------
        Time (minutes)   Mobile phase a (%)   Mobile phase B (%)
    ---------------------------------------
     0～10       15→20       85→80
    10～19       20→23       80→77
    19～21       23→33       77→67
    21～25       33           67    
    25.1～35     95           5    
    ---------------------------------------
        Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of agar tetranol reference substance, accurately weigh it, add ethanol to make a solution containing 60 μ g per 1ml.
        Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.2g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 10ml of ethanol precisely, weigh it, soak it for 0.5 hours, sonicate it (power 250W, frequency 40KHz) for 1 hour, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with ethanol, shake it well, stand still, take the supernatant, filter it, and take the filtrate.
        ; Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
        According to the calculation of dry product, the content of agar tetranol (c17h18o6) shall not be less than 0.10%.
        Decoction pieces
        [processing]   Remove the dead white wood and cut it into small pieces. When used, mash or grind into fine powder.
        [nature, taste and meridian tropism]   Bitter, bitter, mild. Return to spleen, stomach and kidney meridians.
        ; . It is used for chest and abdomen distension, pain, stomach cold, vomiting and hiccup, kidney deficiency, Qi regurgitation and asthma.
        [usage and dosage]   1～5g， Posterior inferior.
        ; .


2、 Chemical constituents of Aquilaria sinensis
1. Aquilaria sinensis contains volatile oil, among which sesquiterpenes are: agarospirol, agarol, gmelo furan, a- and β - agarofuran, dihydroa garofuran, nor ketoagarofuran, 4-hydroxydihydroxyagarofuran, 3,4-dihydroxydihydroxy hydroagarofuran), a-guaiene, a-bulnesene, kusunol, karanone, Dihydrokaranone, odoagarospirol, 1 (10), 11 guaiacadien-15-aldehyde [guaia-1 (10), 11-dien-15-al], 3, 11-dien-9-one, 3, 11-dien-9-ol, jinkoheremol, etc. It also contains other volatile components: benzylacetone, p-methoxybenzylacetone.The product is made of methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methylP-methoxybenzylacetone.The product is made of methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methyl(hydrocinnamic acid), etc; It also contains aquilochin,Echinophylline（liriodenine）。 In addition, it contains 2- (2-phenylethyl) chromones [2- (2-phenylethyl) chromone] and their dimers and trimers, and its composition is: AH1、AH1a、 AH2、AH2a、Ah2b、AH3、AH4、AH5、AH6、AH7、AH8、AH9、A10、AH11、AH12、AH13、AH14、AH15、AH16、AH17、AH18、AH19b、AH19b、AH20、AH23。 .
2. Bergamot contains volatile oil, among which sesquiterpenes are: agaric Spirol, baimuxinic acid, baimuxinal, baimuxinol, dehydrobaimuxinol, sinofuranal, ainenofuranol, β - agarofuran, dihydrokalarone, isobaimuxinol. It also contains other volatile components: benzylacetone, p-methoxybenzylacetone, Anisic Acid. It also contains 2- (2-phenylethyl) chromones: 6-hydroxy-2 - (2-phenylethyl) chromone is AH3, 6-methoxy-2 - (2-phenylethyl) chromone is AH4, 6,7-dimethoxy-2 - (2-phenylethyl) chromone is ah5, 6-methoxy-2 - [6,7-dimethoxy-2 - (2-phenylethyl) chromone][2- (3 '- methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone {6-methoxyl-2-[2- (3' - methoxyphenyl) ethyl]chromone} is AHb1, 2- (2-phenylethyl) chromone [2- (2-phenylethyl) chromone] is ah8, 6-hydroxy-2 - [2- (4 '- methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone {6- hydroxy-2-[2-（4＇-methoxyphenyl）ethyl]ethyl]chromone｝， 5,8-dihydroxy-2 - (2-p-methoxyphenethyl) chromone {5,8-dihydroxy-2-[2- (p-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone}, 6,7-dimethoxy-2 - (2-p-methoxyphenethyl) chromone {6,7-dihydroxy-2-[2- (p-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone}, 5,8-dihydroxy-2- (2-phenylethyl) chromone [5, 8-dihydroxy-2-（2-phenylethyl）chromone]。

3、
1. the Chinese made Agaricus decoction has a complete inhibitory effect on human Mycobacterium tuberculosis; It also has strong antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and flexneri.
2. the volatile oil of this product has anesthetic, analgesic and muscle relaxant effects.
3. it also has sedative and antiasthmatic effects: the aqueous and alcohol precipitates of Aquilaria sinensis can inhibit the spontaneous contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum; It can antagonize the spasmodic contraction of isolated ileum of guinea pigs caused by histamine and acetylcholine. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.2ml (2G crude drug / ml) of aqueous alcohol precipitate of Aquilaria sinensis can slow down the intestinal propulsive movement of mice caused by neostigmine (intraperitoneal injection of 0.1ml is equivalent to 2.5 × 10 (-8) g / ml), showing the spasmolytic effect of intestinal smooth muscle; It can reduce the intestinal contraction amplitude and slow down the peristalsis of anesthetized cats after injection of acetylcholine. These effects may be the direct effect of aloes on smooth muscle.