Polygonatum odoratum
1、       This product is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum (mill.) druce, a lily plant. Excavate in autumn, remove fibrous roots, wash, sun until soft, knead repeatedly, air until there is no hard core, and dry; Or evaporate thoroughly, knead until translucent, and dry in the sun.
      . It is hard, brittle or slightly soft, easy to break, and the section is horny or granular. The breath is slight, the taste is sweet, and the chewing is sticky.
      [identification] cross section of this product: the epidermal cells are oblate or oblong, with slightly thick outer wall and keratinization. Most of the mucus cells scattered in the parenchyma were 80-140 μ m in diameter and contained calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles. Vascular bundle outer tough type, rare peripherin type, scattered.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 16.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 3.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), 70% ethanol is used as solvent, which shall not be less than 50.0%.
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      ; Accurately measure 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml, 2.5ml and 3.0ml of the reference solution, put them into 50ml measuring bottles respectively, add water to the scale, and shake well. .
      ; Take about 1g of the crude powder of the product, accurately weigh it, place it in a round bottom flask, add 100ml of water, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter it with absorbent cotton, repeatedly extract it once as above, combine the filtrate twice, concentrate to an appropriate amount, transfer it to a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to the scale, shake well, accurately measure 2ml, add 10ml of ethanol, stir, centrifuge, take the sediment, add water to dissolve it, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, dilute it to the scale, shake well, accurately take 2ml, according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, from "add 1ml of 4% phenol solution", measure the absorbance according to law, and read the weight of anhydrous glucose in the test solution from the standard curve (fig.mg), calculated.
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      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick pieces or sections, and dry.
      This product is irregular thick film or segment. The skin is yellowish white to yellowish brown, translucent, and sometimes visible. The cut surface is horny or granular. The breath is slight, the taste is sweet, and the chewing is sticky.
      [inspection], [extract], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, slightly cold. Return to lung and stomach channels.
      [functions and indications] nourish yin, moisten dryness, generate fluid and quench thirst. .
      [usage and dosage] 6 ～ 12g.
      [storage] store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent mold and moth.


2、 Chemical constituents of Polygonatum odoratum
The rhizome contains odoratan, which is composed of D-fructose, D-mannose, D-glucose and galacturonic acid, with a molar ratio of 6:3:1:1.5; Polygonatum fructan a, B, C, D, sugar composition is fructose (%): glucose (%) (97.5:2.6, 96.2:3.8, 95.3:4.8, 90.4:9.6), azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. It also contains steroids such as polyspirostanol POA, poly spirostanoside POB, POC, po1, PO2, PO3, PO4, po5, polyfuroside, and polygonanoside POC, pod, po6, po7, PO8, and po9. ; PO3 is a mixture of POC and 25-r.

3、 Pharmacological action of Polygonatum odoratum
1. effect on blood pressure: anesthetized rabbits were intravenously injected with 20% Polygonatum odoratum (produced in Laoshan, Shandong Province) Decoction, 1, 2 or 5ml each, which made blood pressure rise slowly. However, the blood pressure of anesthetized dogs did not change significantly when the dose (5ml) was injected intravenously, but a larger dose (10ml) could make the blood pressure drop temporarily. It is also reported that 100% Polygonatum odoratum injection (produced in Yuquan, Northeast China), 5% or 10% Polygonatum odoratum stem and leaf extract, 10% or 100% Polygonatum odoratum stem and leaf decoction, and 10% Polygonatum odoratum root extract (prepared from Polygonatum odoratum rhizome) have transient hypotensive effects on anesthetized dogs and rabbits. .
2. effects on the heart: 20% Yuzhu (produced in Laoshan, Shandong Province) decoction or Yuzhu tincture, a small dose (2-5 drops) of isolated frog heart can enhance the cardiac contraction and amplitude, and a large dose (10 drops) can weaken the cardiac contraction and stop rapidly. Another report showed that 100% Polygonatum odoratum (produced in Yuquan, Northeast China) injection had no effect on isolated frog hearts at low doses, but inhibited at high doses; The contractility of isolated heart was first inhibited and then enhanced, and there was no effect on heart rate. Yuzhu injection 0.2ml/kg intravenously injected into rabbits had no obvious effect on the contractility and heart rate of the eutopic heart. It has a certain protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia induced by Pituitrin in rabbits. The steroidal glycosides contained in Polygonatum odoratum have similar effects on the myocardium as those of lily of the valley preparations. .
; However, after oral administration of its extract, blood glucose increased first and then decreased. Kato reported that the water-soluble part and n-butanol part of the methanol extract of Polygonatum odoratum had a significant decrease in blood glucose in mice with induced diabetes after 4 hours, respectively. The methanol extract of Polygonatum odoratum can significantly reduce the blood glucose of mice with hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine. And showed a tendency to improve glucose tolerance. One of its mechanisms is the inhibition of hepatic glycolytic system. It has also been reported that Polygonatum odoratum gavage can inhibit the increase of blood glucose in rats caused by glucose and alloxan.
. Intravenous injection of 10ml of 20% Yuzhu Decoction in anesthetized dogs can reduce the renal volume. Another report showed that 100% Polygonatum odoratum (produced in Yuquan, Northeast China) injection had vasodilatory effect on the lower limbs of toads. In vitro rabbit ear vascular perfusion experiment showed that 100% Yuzhu injection 0.4ml / kg was injected into the infusion tube to dilate the blood vessels. However, the isolated rabbit ear blood vessels with preserved nerve connections did not expand significantly when injected with 0.4ml / kg from the contralateral ear vein, indicating that the effect of Polygonatum odoratum on expanding blood vessels is independent of nerves.
5. effects on blood lipids and experimental atherosclerotic plaques: the pharmacology teaching and research group of Jinzhou Medical College reported that rabbits with experimental hyperlipidemia were given 100% Polygonatum odoratum Decoction every 5ml, three times a day, for 30 days. Compared with the control group, triglycerides, blood cholesterol and b-lipoprotein decreased 10, 20 and 30 days after administration. Yuzhu (produced in Yuquan, Northeast China) injection was administered by gavage or intramuscular injection twice a day, a total of 4 Morgan. The results showed that Polygonatum odoratum had the effect of preventing the rise of triglycerides, and the blood cholesterol increased significantly after administration. Therefore, it is believed that Yuzhu injection has a certain therapeutic effect on hypertriglyceridemia. .
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7. effect on mouse serum colony stimulating factor: xiaojinsong et al reported that (3) the activity of colony stimulating factor (CSF) in conditioned medium (CM) was observed by comparing the H-TdR incorporation method with the classical and agar colony culture methods, and the results showed that the two methods were significantly correlated. Polygonatum odoratum extract 140, 280, 560, 1120, 2240mg/kg mice were intraperitoneally injected with 40 μ l of serum per well (final concentration 20%) six hours after one or five times. Results after one injection, the serum CSF level increased with the increase of Polygonatum odoratum amount, reaching the peak at 560mg/kg, and then decreased with the increase of injection amount. The serum CSF level of five injections almost formed a horizontal line, and the dose effect relationship was not obvious. When the serum after one injection was heated in a 56 ℃ water bath for 30 minutes, the CSF level was significantly higher than that of unheated serum, with a similar trend, reaching the peak at 560mg/kg, and then gradually decreased with the increase of Polygonatum odoratum amount. Dynamic changes of serum CSF after intraperitoneal injection of 140mg/kg of Polygonatum odoratum: after intraperitoneal injection of 140mg/kg of Polygonatum odoratum extract, the serum was 40 μ l per well at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours. Results the CSF in the serum increased rapidly at 1 hour after injection of Polygonatum odoratum, reached the peak at 6 hours and decreased rapidly, and approached the normal level at 24 hours. There was an obvious dose-response relationship. When inducing CSF, it also induced colony inhibitory factor (CIF), which was involved in the immune and hematopoietic regulation of the body.
8. effect on smooth muscle: 20% Yuzhu decoction can excite and then inhibit the isolated intestinal tract of mice. .
9. Yuzhu decoction has no effect on blood coagulation, urine output and hemolysis in dogs.
10. other effects: intraperitoneal injection of 100% Yuzhu injection can prolong the hypoxia tolerance time of mice, but the death still does not exceed 30 minutes. The experimental tuberculosis mice were fed with a diet containing 2.5% Polygonatum odoratum, and about 50-75mg of the drug per day, equivalent to 2.5-3.7g/kg. The results showed that the mortality rate could be reduced, but the lesion reduction was not obvious.