Mahogany
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Mahonia Mahonia l.var.mahoniana (L.)s.c.h.et Zucc..the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia for medicinal materials of Mahonia spp.c.h.et Zucc       This product is the dried stem of Mahonia bealei (fort.) carr. or Mahonia fortunnei (lindl.) Fedde, a berberine plant. It can be harvested all year round, cut into pieces and dried.
      [properties] this product is irregular pieces with different sizes. The outer surface is grayish yellow to tan, with obvious longitudinal grooves and transverse fine cracks, and some of the outer skin is smooth, shiny, or has petiole residues. The texture is hard, the cut skin is thin, Tan, and the wood is yellow. Several concentric rings and closely arranged radial textures can be seen, and the pulp is dark. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification] (1) the powder is yellow. The phloem fibers are pale yellow, with a diameter of 20 ～ 27 μ m, and obvious lignified pits, often in 2 ～ 3 bundles. The stone cells are yellowish, square or round in shape, 20-30 μ m in diameter, with thick walls and obvious pore grooves. Reticulate duct and marginal pit duct, with a diameter of 15-27 μ M.
      (2) Take 0.3g of this product powder, add 5ml of methanol, sonicate for 15 minutes, filter, add 5ml of methanol to the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, berberine hydrochloride control, bamatine hydrochloride control and jatrorrhizine hydrochloride control were added with methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml as the control solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene ethyl acetate methanol isopropanol concentrated ammonia test solution (6:3:1.5:1.5:0.5) as the developing agent, put them in the development cylinder saturated with ammonia vapor, develop, take them out, dry them, and view them under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, there are three identical yellow fluorescent spots at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 9.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 2.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] according to the hot leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 3.0%.
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; ; The detection wavelength was 345nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 5000 according to the berberine peak.
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      Time (min) mobile phase a (%)         Mobile phase B (%)
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    0～10        25→28           75→7210～18              28→50            72→5018～22              50                 50
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      Preparation of control extract solution   Take a proper amount of Mahonia reference extract (the contents of African tetrandrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and berberine have been marked), accurately weigh it, add acetonitrile water (25:75) mixed solution to make a solution containing 0.4mg per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.25g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 50ml of hydrochloric acid methanol (1:100) mixed solution precisely, close the stopper, weigh it, sonicate it (power 500W, frequency 40KHz) for 45 minutes, take it out, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with hydrochloric acid methanol (1:100) mixed solution, shake it well, filter it, and take the continued filtrate.
      Determination method accurately suck 10 ～ 20 μ l of the control extract solution and the test sample solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine. The contents of tetrandrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and berberine were calculated.
      The total amount of African tetrandrine (c20h20no4), jatrorrhizine (c20h20no4), palmatine (c21h21no4) and berberine (c20h17no4) in this product shall not be less than 1.5% according to the dry product.
      . It belongs to the liver, stomach and large intestine.
      [functions and indications] clearing heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying. It is used for damp heat diarrhea, jaundice, red urine, swollen and painful eyes, stomach fire, toothache, sores, boils and carbuncle.
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      [storage] put it in a dry place.


2、
1. Mahonia tenuifolia contains oxyacanthine,Jatrorrhizine（jatrorhizinc），Berbamine（berbamine）,Palmatine(palmatine) andMagnoliane（magnoflorine）。
2. the stem of the top ten Mahonia in South China containsTetrandrine（isotetrandrine），berberine，Palmatine，Jatrorrhizine，BerbamineandMagnoliane，Berberine（coptisine）。

3、 Pharmacological effects of Mahonia
1. the 25% water decoction of Mahonia officinalis root has mild inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro, and the diameter of bacteriostatic bacteria (hole drilling method) is 10mm.
2. the salts of three alkaloids (jatrorrhizine thiocyanate, tetrahydrojatrorrhizine-n-methyl thiocyanate, palmatine tetrandrine thiocyanate) proposed from Mahonia meristem can promote the spontaneous movement of isolated intestinal tubes at low concentrations (0.001-0.002%), while at high concentrations (above 0.01%), it can lead to tension rise and movement inhibition. The isolated frog heart and jatrorrhizine were inhibited first and then excited, while the palmar tetrandrine was slightly excited. For anesthetized rabbits, intravenous injection of these alkaloids can cause transient or mild blood pressure drop. It has no obvious effect on the blood vessels of toads' hind limbs. Their hypotensive effect seems to be independent of the central nervous system (without hypotension during vertebral artery injection, blocking carotid blood flow and vasopressor reflex caused by tracheal occlusion are not affected), nor is it affected by atropine, but it can inhibit the pressor effect of epinephrine. .