Winter sunflower fruit
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of winter sunflower fruit       This product is a traditional Mongolian medicine. It is the dried and mature fruit of Malva verticillata L., a Malvaceae plant. Harvest the fruits in summer and autumn when they are ripe, remove impurities and dry in the shade.
      [character] this product is oblate and disc-shaped, with a diameter of 4-7mm. It has a membranous persistent calyx. The persistent calyx is bell shaped, yellowish green or yellowish brown, some are slightly purple, the apex is 5-toothed, the lobes are rolled in, and there are 3 strip-shaped lanceolate bracts outside. The fruit peduncle is thin and short. The fruit consists of 10-12 schizocarps arranged in a round around the conical central axis. The schizocarps are oblate, with a diameter of 1.4-2.5mm. The surface is yellowish white or yellowish brown, with uplifted circumferential veinlets. The seeds are kidney shaped, brownish yellow or dark brown. The breath is slight and the taste is astringent.
      ; The glandular hair has an oval head, 5-7 cells, and a diameter of 25-38 µ M. the single-cell non glandular hair on the upper epidermis is slender, curved or straight, about 1190 µ m long, with a thin or slightly thick wall. Upper and lower epidermal stomata are inequality. Mesophyll parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate cluster crystals with a diameter of 6-25 µ m and sharp edges and corners.
      Cross section of the peel of this product: the exocarp is a layer of rectangular epidermal cells, with a slightly thick wall and a cuticle. The mesocarp is composed of 2-3 layers of round parenchyma cells and a layer of cells containing calcium oxalate prismatic crystals, and there are large mucus cells scattered in the parenchyma. . There are more than 10 fiber bundles between mesocarp and endocarp, arranged in a ring. The endocarp is a row of radially elongated stone cells in a palisade shape, with thick lateral and inner walls and lignification.
      (2) ; Take another 2ml of filtrate, add 3 drops of 10% α - naphthol ethanol solution, shake well, add 0.5ml of sulfuric acid along the pipe wall, and a purple ring appears at the junction of the two liquids.
      (3) Take 1g of this product powder, add 70% ethanol, heat and reflux for 2 hours, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 10ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, take 2ml of supernatant, elute with 5ml of water through C18 solid-phase extraction column, collect the eluent as the test solution. Take caffeic acid reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 20 µ l of the test solution and 4 µ l of the control solution, respectively dot them on the same polyamide film, use methanol water glacial acetic acid (3:2:0.1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view under the UV light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [check] moisture   Not more than 10.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 11.0% (general rule 2302).
      [content determination] preparation of reference solution   .
      ; Accurately measure 0.25ml, 0.5ml, 1ml, 1.5ml, 2ml, 2.5ml, 3ml, 4ml of the reference solution, place them in 25ml volumetric flasks respectively, add absolute ethanol to make up to 5.0ml, add 2.0ml of 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1.0ml of 0.6% ferric chloride-0.9% potassium ferricyanide (1:0.9) mixed solution, mix well, place them in the dark for 5 minutes, add 0.1mol/l hydrochloric acid solution to the scale, shake well, place them in the dark for 20 minutes, take the corresponding reagent as a blank, according to the UV visible spectrophotometry (general then 0401), determine the absorbance at 700nm wavelength, and draw the standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.
      ; Take about 2.5G of the powder of this product, accurately weigh it, put it into a round bottom flask, add 50ml of 70% ethanol, heat it for reflux extraction for 2 hours, filter it, use 20ml of 70% ethanol, wash the container twice, incorporate the washing solution into the same round bottom flask, reduce pressure at 40 ℃ to recover the solvent to nearly dry, add an appropriate amount of anhydrous methanol to dissolve it, and transfer it to a 25ml measuring flask, dilute it with anhydrous methanol to the scale, shake it well, accurately measure 5ml, put it into a 10ml measuring flask, add anhydrous methanol to the scale, shake it well (keep away from light for standby). Accurately measure 0.5ml, put it into a 25ml measuring bottle, according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, measure the absorbance according to law from "add absolute ethanol to 5.0ml", read the weight of caffeic acid in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate.
      The total phenolic acid in this product is calculated as caffeic acid (c9h8o4) and shall not be less than 0.15% according to the dry product.
      [taste] sweet, astringent, cool.
      [functions and indications] clearing heat, diuresis and detumescence. For urinary incontinence, edema, thirst; .
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g.
      [storage] put it in a dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents from the fruit of winter sunflower
The flowers and leaves are mucinous. The leaves contain mallow acid and malic acid. The seeds contain neutral polysaccharides such as mvs-i and mvs-ii; Acidic polysaccharides such as polysaccharides mvs-iiia, mvs-iv, mvs-iv, and peptide polysaccharides such as mvs-v, etc. In addition, it also contains fatty oil, anthocyaninsrutinAnd proteins.

3、 Pharmacological effects of winter sunflower fruit
Enhance the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system.