Saffron seed
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Fructus Polygoni orientalis       This product is the dried and mature fruit of Polygonum orientale L., a Polygonaceae plant. In autumn, when the fruit is ripe, the ear is cut, dried in the sun, and the fruit is laid to remove impurities.
      [properties] this product is oblate, with a diameter of 2-3.5mm and a thickness of 1-1.5mm. Its surface is brownish black, and some are reddish brown, shiny, slightly concave on both sides, with a slight longitudinal uplift in the middle. There are raised stigmas at the top, light brown slightly raised fruit stalk marks at the base, and some have membranous perianth remnants. Hard quality. The air is weak and the taste is light.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is grayish brown or grayish brown. The palisade cells in the pericarp are mostly in sheets, yellowish brown or reddish brown, with one row of cells on the side, 100-190 μ m long, 15-30 μ m wide, and about 9 μ m thick; On the surface, the cells are polygonal or quasi circular, the intercellular space is not obvious, the cell cavity is small, and the lower cell cavity is slightly stellate; . The cuticle and seed coat cell fragments were easily seen, and the epidermal cells connected with the cuticle were very flat; On the surface, the edge of the stratum corneum is often curly, the epidermal cells are long, the vertical peripheral wall is deep wavy curved, the end of the protruding part is relatively flat, and some of them are incompletely chimeric with the adjacent cells to form a quasi circular or conical gap; Seed coat cells are long strip or irregular, loosely arranged, and have large intercellular spaces.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 20ml of methanol, sonicate for 40 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 1ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take the reference substance of Douglas fir and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), pipette 10 μ l of the test solution and the control solution onto the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop with petroleum ether (60 ～ 90 ℃) - ethyl acetate formic acid (10:11:0.5), take out, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control sample.
      ; Not more than 5.0% (general rule 2302),
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; Acetonitrile was used as mobile phase a, and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution was used as mobile phase B. gradient elution was performed according to the following table; The detection wavelength is 290mn. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 6000 according to the peak of Douglas fir.
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      Time (min) mobile phase a (%)         Mobile phase B (%)
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    0～20                 16               8420～25         16→100           84→0
    25～30                100→16          0→84
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      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of the reference substance of Douglas fir, weigh it accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 70 μ g per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 3 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of methanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 40 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.
      Assay   Precisely suck 10 μ l of the reference solution and 10 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of Douglas fir (c15h12o7) shall not be less than 0.15%.
      [nature, taste and tropism] salty, slightly cold. Return to liver and stomach channels.
      [functions and indications] dispersing blood and eliminating symptoms, eliminating accumulation and pain, promoting diuresis and detumescence. It is used for symptomatic masses, galls, indigestion, stomachache, edema and ascites.
      [usage and dosage] 15 ～ 30g. Apply an appropriate amount externally and apply the ointment on the affected area.
      [storage] put it in a dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents from seeds of Polygonum multiflorum
3,5,7-trihydroxychromone (I),Kaempferol(II), 5,7,4 '- trihydroxydihydroflavonol (III),Douglasine(Ⅳ)，quercetin (Ⅵ), ferulic acid p-hydroxyphenylethanol (Ⅶ), p-coumaric acid p-hydroxyphenylethanol (Ⅸ). .

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fructus Polygoni orientalis
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2. bacteriostatic effect: the water decoction of orientine fruit (i.e. shuihongzi) has bacteriostatic effect on Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri by hole drilling method, and the diameter of bacteriostatic circle is 17mm and 13mm respectively. The inhibition distance of ditch digging method to Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri is 16mm and 7mm respectively. The concentration of water decoction is 1:1.
3. diuretic effect: chenfangliang et al. Used rats for diuretic test, and compared with the control group, the 6-hour urine output of shuihongzi decoction was 6.14 ± 0.65 and 4.54 ± 0.62ml/100g (p< 0.05) at the dosage of 10g/1kg; The flow extract was 6.96 ± 1.32 and 5.6 ± 0.96ml/100g (p< 0.05), respectively, which had obvious diuretic effect. The diuretic mechanism may be caused by the increase of blood colloid osmotic pressure after administration, which makes a large amount of water enter the blood circulation, resulting in the increase of glomerular filtration volume, while inhibiting the reabsorption of water by distal renal tubules.