Terminalia chebula
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Terminalia chebula       This product is a traditional Tibetan medicine. It is the dried and mature fruit of terminal bellirica (gaertn.) roxb., a plant of the family callicarpaceae. Harvest the fruits when they are ripe in winter, remove impurities and dry them in the sun.
      [properties] the product is oval or oval, 2-3.8cm long and 1.5-3cm in diameter. The surface is brown, covered with fine and dense villi, and there are residual fruit stalks or fruit stalk marks at the base. . It is hard. The pulp is 2 ～ 5mm thick, dark brown or light greenish yellow, and the stone is light brownish yellow. Seed 1, seed coat brownish yellow, seed kernel yellowish white, oily. The breath is slight, and the taste is astringent and bitter.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is yellowish brown. Non glandular hairs are easily seen, which are 2-cell, and the basal cells often contain brownish yellow substances. Calcium oxalate clusters are numerous, with a diameter of 13-65 μ M. The stone cells are round, oval or rectangular, with obvious pore grooves and laminar patterns. Endocarp fiber wall is thick, lignified, and pore groove is obvious. Epicarp epidermal cells have scars of non glandular hairs shedding. Oil droplets and threaded guides are visible.
      (2) Take 0.5g of the product (enucleated) powder, add 30ml of absolute ethanol, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, dissolve the residue with 5ml of methanol, add it to a neutral alumina column (100-200 mesh, 5g, inner diameter 2cm), elute with 50ml of dilute ethanol, collect the eluent, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 5ml of water, add it to a C18 solid-phase extraction column, elute with 10ml of 30% methanol, discard the 30% methanol, elute with 10ml of methanol, collect the eluent, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 1ml of methanol, and use it as the test solution. Another 0.5g of the control medicinal material of Terminalia chebula (enucleated) was prepared into the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 4 μ l each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use toluene glacial acetic acid water (12:10:0.4) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heat at 105 ℃ until the spots develop clearly, and check under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
      [check] moisture   .
      Total ash   .
      [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 20.0%,
      [nature and taste] sweet, wet and flat.
      [functions and indications] it can clear away heat, detoxify, astringe and nourish blood, and reconcile various drugs. It is used for various heat syndromes, diarrhea, yellow water disease, hepatobiliary disease, and weakness after illness.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 9g, take duoru pill powder.
      [storage] store in a dry place to prevent moths.


2、 Chemical constituents of Terminalia chebula
Triterpenoids
  2 α - hydroxymarcomalic acidHawthorn acid、2 α - hydroxyursolic acid, chebulol.
Phenolic acids
 gallic acid, gallic acid, chebula acid triethyl esterEthyl gallate、Shikimic acid, dehydroshikimic acidβ - sitosterol、Carotene, methyl shikimateD-Mannitol、Benzoic acid。
Hydrolysable tannins
  Chebulic acid、Terminolic acid、Terminalia chebula acid、1,3,6-tri-o-galloylglucose、1,2,3,4,6-o-pentagalloyl glucose, protochebulic acid
amino acid
  L-aspartic acid , glutamateL-arginine、L-lysine、L-Proline
other
 sennoside a , tannase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase

3、 Pharmacological effects of Fructus Terminalia Chebulae
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