Verbena officinalis
1、 Standard of Verbena herb       This product is the dry aboveground part of Verbena officinalis L., a Verbena officinalis plant of Verbenaceae. From June to August, the flowers are harvested and cut to remove impurities and dried in the sun.
      [character] the stem of this product is square columnar, multi branched, with longitudinal grooves on all sides, 0.5 ~ LM long; the surface is greenish brown and rough; It is hard and brittle with medullary or hollow section. The leaves are opposite, wrinkled, mostly broken, greenish brown, and the leaves are 3-lobed after flattening if complete, with serrated edges. The spike is slender and has many florets. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is green brown. The stem epidermal cells are long polygonal or quasi rectangular, the vertical walls are mostly straight, with stomata, the vertical walls of the leaf epidermal cells are wavy and curved, the stomata are indeterminate or unequal, and there are 3-5 accessory guard cells. The head of glandular scale has 4 cells with a diameter of 23-58 μ M; Stalk single cell. . The pollen grains are round or triangular in shape, with a diameter of 24 ～ 35 μ m, smooth surface and three germination holes.
      (2) Take 2G of this product powder, add 60ml of 80% methanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 2ml of methanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution Another 1g of Verbena officinalis reference medicinal material was prepared into the reference medicinal material solution by the same method. Then take ursolic acid reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution . In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material and the chromatogram of the control sample.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 10.0% (the second method of general rule 0832).
      Total ash   Not more than 12.0% (general rule 2302).
      ; Not more than 4.0% (general rule 2302)
      [content determination] determine according to HPLC (general rule 0512).
      ; Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler; The mobile phase was methanol-0.2% acetic acid solution (82.5:17.5); Evaporative light scattering detector detection. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 5000 according to the ursolic acid peak.
      Preparation of reference solution   Take an appropriate amount of oleanolic acid reference substance and ursolic acid reference substance, weigh accurately, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 50 μ g of oleanolic acid and 0.1mg of ursolic acid per 1ml.
      Preparation of test solution   Take about 0.5g of this product powder (passing through No. 4 screen), weigh it accurately, place it in a corked conical flask, add 25ml of absolute ethanol precisely, weigh it, heat and reflux for 4 hours, cool it, weigh it again, make up the lost weight with absolute ethanol, shake it well, and filter it. Accurately measure 10ml of the secondary filtrate, add 3ml of 1% ammonia solution, mix well, use petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃) to shake and extract three times, 15ml each time, discard the petroleum ether solution, take the ethanol solution to evaporate to dryness, add methanol to dissolve the residue, transfer to a 5ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, filter, and take the secondary filtrate.
      Assay   Accurately suck 10 μ L and 20 μ l of the reference solution and 20 μ l of the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine them, and calculate them with the external standard two-point logarithmic equation.
      The total amount of oleanolic acid (c30h48o3) and ursolic acid (c30h48o3) in this product shall not be less than 0.30% when calculated as a dry product.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove residual roots and impurities, wash, moisten slightly, cut into sections, and dry.
      This product has irregular sections. The stem is square and columnar, with longitudinal grooves on all sides, and the surface is greenish brown and rough. The cut surface is medullary or hollow. . Spike like inflorescence with many florets. The breath is slight and the taste is bitter.
      [identification], [inspection], [content determination] are the same as those of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] bitter and cool. Return to the liver and sign the classics.
      [functions and indications] promoting blood circulation and dispersing stasis, detoxifying, promoting diuresis, eliminating jaundice, and intercepting malaria. .
      [usage and device] 5 ～ 10g.
      [storage] put it in a dry place.


2、 Chemical constituents of Verbena officinalis
Whole grass containsVerbenoside（verbenalin），Morifolin（hastatoside），Lupeol（lupelo），β - sitosterol（β-sitosterol），Ursolic acid（ursolic acid） ，Aucubin（aucubin）， Artemetin. Leaf containsVerbascoside（verbascoside）， Adenosine,Beta carotene（β -carotenne）。 The roots and stems containStachyose（stachyose）。

3、 Pharmacological action of Verbena officinalis
1. anti inflammatory and analgesic effects water and alcohol extracts have anti-inflammatory effects on the inflammation caused by mustard oil instilled into the conjunctival sac of rabbits, and the latter has better anti-inflammatory effects than the former. The water-soluble part of the latter is better than the water insoluble part. The water extract had analgesic effect on the pain caused by electrical stimulation of rabbit dental pulp, which started at 1h after administration and disappeared at 3H; The analgesic effect of the alcohol extract disappeared completely after 6h, and the water-soluble part had a greater effect, while the water-insoluble part had no analgesic effect. 2. antitussive effect Verbena water decoction has certain antitussive effect, and its effective antitussive components are β - sitosterol and verbenoside. 3. effects on uterus Verbena officinalis at a concentration of 1.6 × 10-2g/ml has a certain excitatory effect on rat uterine muscle strips and non pregnant human uterine muscle strips. In the uterine muscle strips of rats, the specimens in the estrous period are most sensitive to Verbena officinalis, which often causes the tension and contraction amplitude to increase at the same time after adding Verbena officinalis; However, specimens in other stages often only have an increase in contraction amplitude. The response of human uterine muscle strips to Verbena officinalis is weak, and generally it is only the tension changes. . Verbena officinalis, at a concentration sufficient to excite uterine smooth muscle, has no obvious effect on jejunal smooth muscle, nor can it enhance the effect of PGE2 on jejunal smooth muscle. 4. other effects verbenoside can excite sympathetic nerve endings in a small amount and inhibit sympathetic nerve endings in a large amount; It can promote milk secretion for mammals. 5. toxicity it has low toxicity, no hemolysis, and parasympathetic effects.