Puffer
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Hubble       This product is the dried fruit body of Lasiosphaera fenzlii reich., calvaria gigantea (Batsch ex pers.) Lloyd or calvaria lilacina (mont.et berk.) Lloyd, a fungus of the family grifolidae. In summer and autumn, the fruiting bodies are harvested in time when they are mature, and the sediment is removed and dried.
      [character] the peeled puffer is oblate or quasi spherical, without infertile base, with a diameter of 15-20cm. The coating is grayish brown to yellowish brown, paper, often broken in pieces, or has fallen off completely. The spore is grayish brown or light brown, compact, elastic, torn by hand, and contains grayish brown cotton flocculent filaments. When touched, the spores fly like dust, and the hand twists have a delicate feeling. .
      The infertile base of the giant puffer is small or absent. The residual coating is composed of yellowish brown membranous outer coating and thick grayish yellow inner coating, which is smooth, hard and brittle, and falls off in blocks. The spore is light cyan brown, and the hand twist has a sense of lubrication.
      The purple puffer is gyro shaped, or flattened and oblate, with a diameter of 5 ~ 12cm, and the infertile base is developed. The coating is thin, two-layer, purplish brown, coarse wrinkled, with circular depression, everted, and the upper part is often split into small pieces or has partially fallen off. The spore is purple.
      [identification] (1) take this product and place it on the flame, shake it gently, that is, tiny sparks can be seen flying, and a large amount of white smoke will occur after it is extinguished.
      (2) Peeling puffer powder is grayish brown. . The spores are brown, spherical, 4.5 ～ 5 μ m in diameter, with small spines, and 1.5 ～ 3 μ m in length.
      The puffer powder is light bluish brown. The spore filaments are slightly branched, with sparse transverse septa, and the diameter is 2.5 ～ 6 μ M. The spores are pale cyan yellow, smooth or some have tiny warts, with a diameter of 3.5-5 μ M.
      Purple puffer powder gray purple. The spore filament is branched and has a transverse septum, with a diameter of 2-5 μ m and a thick wall. The spores are purple, 4 ～ 5.5 μ m in diameter, and have small spines.
      (3) Take LG of the product fragment, add 8ml of ethanol and (0.1mol/l) sodium hydroxide solution respectively, soak it, dry it at low temperature, slowly ignite it, at 700 ℃: make it completely ashed, let it cool, add 10ml of water to dissolve the residue, filter it, and the filtrate shows the identification reaction of phosphate (general rule 0301).
      (4) Take LG of the product powder, add 40ml of dichloromethane, heat and reflux for 1 hour, cool it, filter it, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, and add 1ml of dichloromethane to dissolve the residue as the test solution. In addition, take the control medicinal material LG of puffer and prepare the control medicinal material solution by the same method. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use cyclohexane acetone diethyl ether (10:1:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and view them under UV light (365mn). In the chromatogram of the test sample, the fluorescent main spot with the same color appears at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.
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      The total ash content is 0.5g of this product powder, which shall not exceed 15.0% according to the ash content determination method (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash take 0.5g of this product powder and determine according to the ash determination method (general rule 2302), which shall not exceed 10.0%.
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      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities and cut into small pieces.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] Xin, Ping. Return to lung meridian.
      [function and indications] clear lung, promote pharynx, and stop bleeding. For wind heat stagnation, lung pharyngeal pain, hoarseness, cough; External treatment of epistaxis, trauma bleeding.
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      [storage] put it in a dry place to prevent dust.


2、 Chemical constituents of puffer
The fruiting body of purple bald puffer, calvaticacid. The fruiting body of the great bald puffer contains α - amylase and various amino acids. The fruiting body of cephalic bald puffer contains acid of puffer fungus. The fruiting bodies of C. reticulata contain lycoperdic acid, protein 31.7%, melanin, lipid, fatty acid, aromatic acid. The fruiting bodies of C. reticulata contain C. reticulata, methyl calva Tate,Benzoic acid（benfzoic acid）.

3、 Pharmacological action of puffer
. The principle is not clear.
2. in vitro test of antibacterial effect, decortication Mabo decoction has certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Diplococcus pneumoniae, and also has inhibitory effect on a few pathogenic fungi. The decoction contains a large amount of pigment, and the antibacterial effect is greatly reduced after decolorization with activated carbon. The pressed juice of fresh fruiting bodies of mushrooms can poison capillaries and cause visceral hemorrhage when injected into animals.