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1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Pogostemon cablin       This product is the dry aboveground part of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) benth., a Labiatae plant. When the branches and leaves are luxuriant, they are picked and cut, exposed to the sun and stuffy at night, and dried repeatedly.
      [character] the stem of this product is slightly square columnar, multi branched, and the branches are slightly zigzag, with a length of 30-60cm and a diameter of 0.2-0.7cm; the surface is fluffy; ; The old stem is cylindrical, with a diameter of 1 ～ 1.2cm, and is covered with gray brown cork. The leaves are opposite and wrinkled into a mass. After flattening, the leaves are oval or oval, 4 ～ 9cm long and 3 ～ 7cm wide. Both sides are covered with gray white villi; Apex mucronate or obtuse, base cuneate or obtuse, margin with irregularly sized obtuse teeth; The petiole is thin, 2-5cm long, and pilose. The smell is special and the taste is slightly bitter.
      [identification] (1) the leaf powder of this product is light brown. Leaf epidermis cells were irregular and stomata were straight axis. . 8 cells in the head of glandular scale, 37-70 μ m in diameter; The stalk is single-cell and extremely short. Interstitial glandular hairs exist in the intercellular space of mesophyll tissue. The head is single-cell and irregular saccular, with a diameter of 13-50 μ m and a length of about 113 μ M; The stalk is short and single-cell. Glandular hair head 2 cells; Stalk 1-3 cells, very short. The calcium oxalate needle crystal is fine, scattered in mesophyll cells, and is about 27 μ m long.
      (2) Take an appropriate amount of the crude powder of this product, measure according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204), take 0.5ml of volatile oil, add ethyl acetate to dilute to 5ml, as the test solution. In addition, a solution containing 2mg per 1ml was prepared by adding ethyl acetate to the reference substance of thymol as the reference solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 1 ～ 2 μ l of each of the above two solutions, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃) - ethyl acetate glacial acetic acid (95:5:0.2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and spray 5% ferric chloride ethanol solution. There is a yellow spot in the chromatogram of the test article; Heat until the spots are clear, and the same purple blue spots appear in the test sample chromatogram at the position corresponding to the control sample chromatogram.
      [inspection] impurities shall not exceed 2% (general rule 2301).
      The moisture content shall not exceed 14.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 11.0% (general rule 2302).
      Acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
      Leaves shall not be less than 20%.
      [extract] according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of alcohol soluble extract (general rule 2201), the use of ethanol as solvent shall not be less than 2.5%.
      [content determination] determine according to gas chromatography (general rule 0521).
      ; Programmed temperature rise: the initial temperature is 150 ℃, which is maintained for 23 minutes, and the temperature rises to 230 ℃ at the rate of 8 ℃ per minute, which is maintained for 2 minutes; The injection port temperature was 280 ℃, and the detector temperature was 280 ℃; The split ratio was 20:1. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 50000 according to the alcohol peak of autumn plum.
      Determination of correction factor take an appropriate amount of n-octadecane, weigh accurately, add n-hexane to make a solution containing 15mg per 1ml as the internal standard solution. Take 30mg of the reference substance of thymol, accurately weigh it, put it into a 10ml volumetric flask, precisely add 1ml of the internal standard solution, dilute it with n-hexane to the scale, shake it well, take 1 μ L and inject it into the gas chromatograph to calculate the correction factor.
      Determination method take about 3G of crude powder of this product, accurately weigh it, put it into a conical flask, add 50ml of trichloromethane, sonicate it three times for 20 minutes each time, filter it, combine the filtrate, recover the solvent to dryness, add n-hexane to dissolve the residue, transfer it to a 5ml volumetric flask, precisely add 0.5ml of internal standard solution, add n-hexane to the scale, shake it well, suck 1 μ L, inject it into the gas chromatograph, and determine it.
      According to the calculation of dry product, the content of thymol (c15h26o) shall not be less than 0.10%.
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove the residual roots and impurities, shake the leaves first, screen them and put them away; Wash the stem, moisten it thoroughly, cut it into sections, dry it in the sun, and then mix it with the leaves.
      This product has irregular sections. The stem is slightly square columnar, with grayish brown, grayish yellow or reddish brown surface, and is pilose. The cut surface has white pulp. The leaves are broken or shrunk into clusters, and the intact ones are oval or oval after flattening, and both sides are covered with gray white villi; Base cuneate or obtuse, margin with irregularly sized obtuse teeth; Petiole thin, pilose. The smell is special and the taste is slightly bitter.
      [identification] the same as medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, mild. Return to spleen, stomach and lung meridians.
      . It is used for middle obstruction of dampness, epigastric vomiting, heat and dampness table syndrome, early onset of dampness and temperature, fever and fatigue, chest tightness and discomfort, cold and dampness close summer heat, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, nasal headache.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 10g.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place and keep away from moisture.


2、 Chemical constituents of Pogostemon cablin
The volatile oil from stems and leaves containsPogostemol（patchouli alcohol31.86%）， Seychellene (9.85%), α - guainene (8.82%), ξ - guainene (8.65%), α - patchoulene (8.48%), β - patchoulene (6.91%),Pogostemon（pogostone3.80%）[1]， It also contains β - guaiene, β - elemene, β - caryophene, ξ - caolinene [2] and patchoulan1,12-diol [3]. The aerial part contains volatile small molecular components: methyl acetate, 3-methyl butanone, 3-methyl-3-butenone [4], flavonoids:Huoxiangflavonol（pachypodol)，Phytolacca flavin（ombuin)，Apigenin（apigenin)， .

3、 Pharmacological effects of Pogostemon cablin
1. bacteriostatic effect Pogostemon has obvious inhibitory effect on fungi such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Rhizopus nigricans, and also has certain inhibitory effect on bacteria such as hemolytic streptococcus a [1]. The fresh juice of Pogostemon cablin leaves also has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis [2]. Its fresh juice ear drops (4 drops / time, 3 times a day) can treat acute experimental guinea pig external otitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus [3]. .
. The effective component is patchouli alcohol, and its antagonism parameter (pa2) value of calcium antagonism is 5.95, with IC50 of 4.7 × 10-5mol/l. Pogostemol has dose-dependent antagonistic effect on Ca2 + - induced contraction of rat aortic strips, which is also similar to verapamil [5].