Ophiopogon japonicus
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Ophiopogon japonicus       This product is the dried root of Liliaceae Liriope spicata (thunb.) lour.var.prolifera Y.T.Ma or Liriope Muscari (decne.) Baily. At the beginning of summer, dig, wash, repeatedly expose to the sun, pile up, and nearly dry, remove fibrous roots, and dry.
      [character] Ophiopogon japonicus is spindle shaped, with slightly pointed ends, 1.2 ～ 3cm long and 0.4 ～ 0.7cm in diameter. Its surface is light yellow to brownish yellow, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles. It is flexible, hard and brittle after drying, and easy to break. The section is light yellow to brown yellow, horny like, and the middle column is fine. It is light, sweet and sticky.
      Ophiopogon breviscapus is slightly flat, 2-5cm long, 0.3-0.8cm in diameter, with thick longitudinal lines. It tastes sweet and bitter.
      [identification] (1) cross section of this product: the epidermis of Ophiopogon japonicus is a row of parenchyma cells. The outer cortex is a row of cells. The cortex is broad, the parenchymal cells contain calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles, the needle crystal is 27-60 μ m long, the cell wall of the endothelial layer is thickened, lignified, there are channel cells, and there are 1-2 rows of stone cells on the outside, with thickened inner and lateral walls and fine striated pores. . The medulla is small and the parenchyma cells are round.
      The root of Ophiopogon japonicus is composed of 3-6 rows of lignified cells. The needle crystal beam is 25-46 μ m long. The outer side of the endothelial layer is a row of stone cells. There were 16-20 phloem bundles.
      (2) Take the thin slice of this product and observe it under the ultraviolet light (365nm), showing light blue fluorescence.
      (3) Take 2G thin slice of this product, add 50ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 2 hours, filter, evaporate the filtrate, add 10ml of water to dissolve the residue, saturate with water and shake with n-butanol for three times (15ml, 10ml, 5ml), combine the n-butanol solution, evaporate to dryness, add 0.5ml of methanol to dissolve the residue, and use it as the test solution. In addition, take the reference substance of Ophiopogon japonicus saponin B and Ophiopogon japonicus saponin C, and add methanol to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml as the reference solution. According to the test of Fourier layer chromatography (general rule 0502), pipette 3-5 μ l of the test solution and 5 μ l of the control solution, respectively, onto the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the lower layer solution of dichloromethane methanol water (13:7:2) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, spray 10% ethyl sulfate solution, heat at 110 ℃ until the spots are clear. ; Ophiopogon japonicus shows the same dark green spots on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of Ophiopogon japonicus saponin C reference substance.
      [inspection] the total ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (general rule 2302).
      [extract] determined according to the cold leaching method under the determination method of water-soluble extract (general rule 2201), it shall not be less than 75.0%.
      Decoction pieces
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      [character], [identification], [inspection] are the same as that of medicinal materials.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] sweet, slightly bitter, slightly cold. .
      . It is used for lung dry cough, yin deficiency tuberculosis cough, throat obstruction and sore throat, fluid injury and thirst, internal heat and thirst, upset and insomnia, intestinal dryness and constipation.
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      [storage] store in a cool and dry place and keep away from moisture.


2、
The root tuber contains steroidal saponins: spicatoside A and B, prosapogenin II of spicatoside A and prosapogenin III of spicatoside a,Ophiopogon japonicus saponin B(ophiopognin b), β - sitosterolglucoside. It also contains flavonoids.

3、 Pharmacological effects of Ophiopogon japonicus
Cardiotonic dilatation
The coronary flow test of isolated guinea pig heart showed that the coronary flow was significantly increased (+54.59%) by low-dose (25% 1.5ml) of Ophiopogon japonicus injection perfusion, but decreased (-38.20%) by high-dose (200% 1.5ml). The cardiac contraction increased with the increase of coronary flow, but the heart rate had no obvious effect; When the coronary flow decreases, the heart contraction weakens, the heart rate slows down, and even atrioventricular block and ventricular fibrillation occur. The in situ rabbit heart test showed that the cardiac contraction was significantly enhanced at the doses of 2.5g/kg and 5.0g/kg, and the contraction amplitude increased by 58.23% - 97.35%. The positive inotropic effect at 2.5g/kg was not blocked by propranolol and had no obvious effect on heart rate, indicating that its positive inotropic effect seemed to be independent of β - receptor. The product can also improve the uptake rate of 86Rb in mouse heart. When the water-soluble extract of Ophiopogon japonicus was intravenously injected at 1.75g/kg to anesthetized cats, the rate of change of ventricular pressure (lvdp/dtmax) increased by 86%, the time from the onset of left ventricular contraction to ejection (t-dp/dtmax) shortened by 28%, and the cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI) and left ventricular work index (lvwi) increased by 146%, 151%, 150% and 194%, respectively. Heart rate was mildly slowed and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was reduced by 48%. When the product was injected intravenously at 0.7g/kg, lvdp/dtmax increased by 38%, CO increased by 44%, t-dp/dtmax shortened by 20%, and SVR decreased by 20%. It further shows that the product has cardiotonic effect and can improve cardiac pump function.

Anti myocardial ischemia
The water-soluble extract of Ophiopogon japonicus was intraperitoneally injected into anesthetized rats at 1g/kg and 0.75g/kg, which had a good protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia induced by Pituitrin in rats. The water-soluble extract of Ophiopogon japonicus was intravenously injected into normal rabbits at 2g/kg, and then the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated at a high position to create a complete myocardial infarction model. After ligation, drugs were injected intravenously. The millivolt number (∑△ st) of rabbits was measured after 2, 24, and 48 hours of ST elevation, and nitrotetrazolium blue (n-bt) staining was performed to calculate the percentage of cardiac stool range. The results showed that the ligation zh ∑△ st in the Ophiopogon japonicus group was 1.0. ± 0.89 compared with the control group (2.79 ± t.11), the difference was very significant, and there was no difference in the rest of the time. .

Antiarrhythmic
Rhizoma Ophiopogonis injection (1:2) 0.3-l.5ml; . This effect is very similar to the effect of lidocaine on arrhythmia induced by barium chloride. The experimental results of isolated toad hearts showed that the shanmaidong Renshi liquid had the effect of improving myocardial contractility at low concentration (1:300 or 1:100), while the effect was opposite at high concentration (1:10); Tumaidong Ren's solution has the effect of restoring myocardial contractility in digitalis poisoned myocardium. The 2.5g/kg intravenous injection of Ophiopogon japonicus has obvious antagonistic effect on arrhythmia induced by chloroform and epinephrine in rabbits. The threshold dose of aconitine induced ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest in rats can be significantly increased by intravenous injection of the same dose of water alcohol of Ophiopogon japonicus. However, the hydroalcoholic agent of Ophiopogon japonicus had no obvious effect on the arrhythmia induced by chloranthin g in guinea pigs. In addition, 30g/kg intravenous injection of the product can cause normal ECG changes in rabbits, which are manifested by prolonged P-R interval, shortened QT interval, slowed heart rate and low and flat T wave.