Murraya
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of Murraya       This product is the dried leaves and leafy shoots of Murraya exotica L. and Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, two Rutaceae plants. It can be harvested all year round. Remove the old branches and dry in the shade.
      [character] the tender branches of Murray are cylindrical, with a diameter of 1-5mm. The surface is grayish brown, with longitudinal wrinkles. It is tough, not easy to break, and the section is not flat. The pinnately compound leaves have 3-9 leaflets, most of which have fallen off; ; Yellowish green, thin leathery, with transparent gland dots on the upper surface, short or nearly sessile petioles, and sometimes pilose at the lower part. It is fragrant, bitter and pungent, and has a tingling tongue.
      The leaflets of thyme are oval or oval, the widest is in the middle or below, 2-8cm long and 1-3cm wide, and the apex is acuminate or short.
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is greenish yellow or greenish brown. Epidermal cells are polygonal or irregular, and some of the vertical walls are slightly wavy. Most pores are indeterminate. Non glandular hairs are single-cell, with a thick wall and a length of 30-100 μ M. The mesophyll tissue is composed of round parenchymal cells containing numerous calcium oxalate clusters with a diameter of 9-25 μ M. The fibers are in bundles, and the surrounding parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, forming crystal fibers. . The oil chamber is round with a diameter of 60 ~ 120 μ m, and some contain yellow oil droplets.
      (2) Take 2G of crude powder of this product, add 20ml of ethanol, reflux and extract for 30 minutes, and filter. Take 5ml of filtrate, evaporate it to dryness, add 2ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve the residue, put it in a test tube, add 2-3 drops of newly prepared 7% hydroxylamine hydrochloride methanol solution and 10% potassium hydroxide methanol solution, shake well, heat slightly, let it cool, add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3-4, and add 1% ferric chloride ethanol solution, showing purplish red.
      [inspection] the moisture content shall not exceed 15.0% (the fourth method of general rule 0832).
      The total ash content shall not exceed 12.0% (general rule 2302).
      Decoction pieces
      [processing] remove impurities and cut them into pieces.
      [taste] pungent, slightly bitter, warm; . Return to liver and stomach channels.
      [functions and indications] promote qi and relieve pain, promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. For stomach pain, rheumatism and arthralgia; .
      [usage and dosage] 6 ～ 12g.
      [storage] put it in a dry place.
 


2、 Chemical constituents of Murray
1. the leaves of Murray contain a variety of coumarin compounds, which have been isolated from products in Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan, Taiwan and other places: isomexoticin, murpanidin, murpanicin, murrangatin, murralongin, 5,7-dimethoxy-8 - (3 '- methyl-2' - ketobutyl) coumarin [5,7-dimethoxy-8 - (3 '- methyl-2' - oxobutyl) -coco umarin], hainanmurpanin, 7-methoxy-8 - (2 '- methyl-2' - formylpropyl) - couma Rin,Dehydrated murrayane lactone（phebalosin）， 8-isopentenyllimettin, parsley methyl ether,Chamomile coumarin（coumurrayin）， Paniculatin, in-peratorin,Hydrated hesperidin（meranzin hydrate）， Paniculin, murbaniculol, coumurrin, murrayatin, micronutin,Isohesperidin（isomeranzin），Orange peel oil lactone enoic acid（auraptenol）， Murrangatin acetate, isomurranginol isovalerate, isomurranginol nicotinate, isomurranginol enol aldehyde, CIS parsinol methyl ether, etc. It also contains flavonoids: 3 ', 4', 5,5 ', 7-pentamethoxyflavone,3,5,6,7,8,3', 4'- heptamethoxyflavone（3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone），3,5,6,7,3', 4'- hexamethoxyflavone（3,5,6,7,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone），exoticin （exoticin）， 4 '- hydroxy-3,3', 5,5 ', 6,7-hexamethoxy flavone, etc. It also contains cysteine,L-alanine（L-alanine），L-Proline （L-proline），l-tyrosine （L-tyrosine），l-leucine (L-leucine) and other free amino acids, andVomerol（vomifoliol）， Octacosanol, hentriacotane, glucose. It also contains volatile oil, including: cadinene, methyl anthranilate, bisabolene,β - caryophyllene（β-caryophyllene），Geraniol（geraniol）， 3-carene,Eugenol（eugenol）， Citronellol,Methyl salicylate（methyl salicylate）， S-guaiazulene, etc.
2. the coumarin compounds in the leaves of Murraya parvifolia: peroxyauraptenol, cis - and trans dehydro osthol, murraol, murranganon, isomurranganonenecioate, murrangatin acetate,Isolongifolia alcohol acetate（isomurralonginol acetate）， Chloroticol, 7-methoxy-8 - (L '- acetoxy-2' - keto-3 '- methylbutyl) coumarin are Hainan Murray lactone, Murray lactone diol, dehydrated Murray lactone,Cardanol essence（minumicrolin）， Carvacrol methyl ether,Hesperidin（meranzin）， Hydrated hesperidin, hydrated hesperidin isovalerate,Odour Cassia lactone alcohol（casegravol）， Isohesperidin, carvacenol methyl ether, long leaf murritol, 7-methoxy-8-formylcou Marin are murritolein aldehyde, umbelliferone,Scopoletin Pavilion, sibiricol, hesperidin,Hesperidin（auraptene），Murrayne（murraxocin）， Peroxymurraol,Murrayanone（murrayone）， Erythro murrangatin, thymal, 7-methoxy-8 - (2 '- hydroxy-3' - ethoxy-3 '- methylbutyl) coumarin, 7-methoxy-8 - (2' - hydroxy-3 '- ethoxy-3' - methylbutyl) coumarin, 7-methoxy-8 - (2 '- hydroxy-3' - ethoxy-3 '- methylbutyl) coumarin' -methylbutyl) coumarin], et al. It also contains flavonoids: 3,5, 6, 7, 8, 3 ', 4', 5 '- octamethoxy flavone is exoticin,3, 5, 6, 7, 3 ', 4', 5 '- heptamethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 8, 3 ', 4', 5 '- heptamethoxyflavone, 5, 6, 7, 3', 4 ', 5' - hexamethoxy flavone, 3, 5, 7, 7, 3 ', 4', 5 '- hexamethoxyflavone, 5, 6, 7, 7, 3', 4 ', 5' - hexamethoxyflavone, 5, 7, 3 ', 4', 5 '- hexamethoxyflavone, 5, 6, 7, 3', 4 '- pentamethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 6, 7, 3', 4 '- pentamethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 6, 6, 7, 3,4' - pentamethoxyflavone, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 3, 4 '- pentamethoxyflavone, 4', 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 3 ', 4' -. It also contains alkaloids: murrayanine, o-methyl koenimbine, koenigine, o-methyl koenigicine, koenigine, koenine, girinimbine, Ma hanimbine, cyclomahanimbine, bicyclomahanimbine, isomahanimbine, mahanimbine,mahanimbicine, bicyclomahanimbicine, . It also contains diterpenes and triterpenoids: collensanone, collensenone,Lupeol（luPeol）， 3-epi-cyclolaurenol. It also contains CIS nerolidol and murraxonin. Stem bark contains coumarin compounds: 3- (1,1-dimethylallyl) - zantholein [3- (1,1-dimethylallyl) xanthyletin], mexolide, and mexoticin. It also contains alkaloids: o-methyl Coriolus alkaloid and kynurenine. It also contains sitosterol - β - d-galactoside.
It is also reported that murrayazoline is also contained in murrayazoline,aurantiamide acetate （aurantiamide acetate）， 7-methoxy-8 - (1 '- methoxy-2' - hydroxy-3 '- methyl - △ 3-butenyl) coumarin [7-methoxy-8 - (1' - methoxy-2 '- hydroxy-3' - methyl - △ 3-butenyl) couma Rin], 7-methoxy-8 - (2 '- methoxy-3' - hydroxy-3 '- methylbutyl) coumarin], 7-methoxy-8 - (2', 3 '- dihydroxy-3' - methylbutyl) coumarin [7-methoxy-8- (2 ', 3＇-dihydroxy-3＇-methylbutyl）coumarin]。

3、 Pharmacological effects of Murray
1. stem and leaf decoction has local anesthetic effect, and 12.5% concentration is used for infiltration anesthesia. The effect is good, but the local irritation is large. It has no significant effect on blood pressure and respiration of anesthetized dogs.
2. a nitrogen-free crystalline component (decomposition point 91-92 ℃) was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of this product. It has obvious relaxing effect on isolated rat intestine and can resist smooth muscle spasm caused by histamine and barium chloride, but has no effect on smooth muscle spasm caused by acetylcholine.
3. a glycoprotein was separated from Murray, and pregnant rabbits on the 12th to 16th day of pregnancy were injected intraperitoneally with 10mg/kg or amniotic cavity with 3mg/ embryo to terminate pregnancy.
4. m.koenigii, a plant of the same genus, has a specific inhibitory effect on human pathogenic fungi.

3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone