Star anise
1、 Pharmacopoeia standard of star anise       This product is the dried and mature fruit of Illicium verum hookf., a plant of Magnoliaceae. The fruits are picked when they turn from green to yellow in autumn and winter, and dried after being slightly scalded in boiling water or directly dried.
      . The follicle is 1 ～ 2cm long, 0.3 ～ 0.5cm wide and 0.6 ～ LCM high; The outer surface is reddish brown with irregular wrinkles, the top is beak like, and the upper side is often cracked; The inner surface is light brown, smooth and shiny; It is hard and brittle. The fruit stem is 3 ～ 4cm long, connected to the center of the fruit base, curved, and often falls off. Each follicle contains 1 seed, oblate ovoid, about 6mm long, reddish brown or yellowish brown, bright, with a seed navel at the tip; Endosperm is white and oily. .
      [identification] (1) the powder of this product is reddish brown. The endocarp grid cells are long columnar, 200 ～ 546 μ m long, with slightly thicker walls and crisscross or herringbone shaped orifices. The stone cells of seed coat are yellow, polygonal in appearance, extremely thick in wall, wavy and curved, branched in lumen, and contain brownish black substances; The cross-sectional view is rectangular, with uneven thickening of the wall. Pericarp stone cells are rectangular, oblong or branched, and have thick walls. . Mesocarp cells are reddish brown with scattered oil cells. Endosperm cells are polygonal, containing fatty oil droplets and aleurone particles.
      (2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 15ml of petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) - diethyl ether (1:1) mixed solution, tightly plug, shake for 15 minutes, filter, volatilize the filtrate, add 2ml of absolute ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. .
      (3) Accurately absorb 10 μ l of the test solution under item (2) of [identification], put it into a 10ml measuring flask, add absolute ethanol to the scale, shake it well, and measure it by UV Vis spectrophotometry (general rule 0401). There is a maximum absorption at the wavelength of 259nm.
      (4) Take 1g of Illicium verum reference medicinal material and prepare the reference medicinal material solution according to the preparation method of the test solution under item (2) of [identification]. In addition, take anisaldehyde control sample and add absolute ethanol to make a solution containing 10 μ l per 1ml as the control solution. Test according to thin-layer chromatography (general rule 0502), suck 5 ～ 10 μ l of the test solution and the above two control solutions under item (2) of [identification], respectively, dot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (30 ～ 60 ℃) - acetone ethyl acetate (19:1:1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, air dry, and spray phloroglucinol hydrochloric acid test solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color appear at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material; .
      [content determination] the volatile oil shall be determined according to the volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204).
      The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 4.0% (ml/g).
      Trans anethole was determined by gas chromatography (general rule 0521).
      Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG-20M) capillary column (column length: 30m, inner diameter: 0.32mm, membrane thickness: 0.25 μ m); Programmed temperature rise: the initial temperature is 100 ℃, and the temperature rises to 200 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃ per minute for 8 minutes; The injection port temperature is 200 ℃, and the detector temperature is 200 ℃. The number of theoretical plates shall not be less than 30000 according to the peak of trans anethole.
      .

Preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of the powder (passing through No. 3 screen), accurately weigh, precisely add 25ml of ethanol, weigh, sonicate (power 600W, frequency 40KHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
      The determination method is to precisely suck 2 μ l each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the gas chromatograph, and determine.
      The content of trans anethole (C10H12O) in this product shall not be less than 4.0%.
      [nature, taste and meridian tropism] pungent, warm. It belongs to liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridian.
      [functions and indications] warming yang and dispersing cold, regulating qi and relieving pain. It is used for cold hernia, abdominal pain, kidney deficiency lumbago, stomach cold vomiting, abdominal cold pain.
      [usage and dosage] 3 ～ 6G.
      [storage] store in a cool and dry place.
  2、 Chemical constituents of star anise
The fruit mainly contains flavonoids, including quercetin-3-o-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-o - β -glucoside, quercetin-3-o-galactoside,Quercetin-3-o - β - D-xyloside（Quercetin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside），quercetin （quercetin），Kaempferol（kaempferol）， Kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, kaempferol-3-o-galactoside,Kaempferol-3-0-rutinoside（kaempferol-3-rutinoside）[1]， It also contains organic acid compounds, including1, 3-2caffeoylquinic acids , orCryptochlorogenacid, orNeochlorogenic acid（caf－feoylquinic acid）， ,hydroxycinnamic acid （hydroxycinnamic acid），P-hydroxybenzoic acid. It also contains volatile oil, the main component of which is trans anethole, andGuava glucoside(foeniculin), α - and β - pinene, camphene, myrcene, α - phellandrene, α - limonene, 3-carene, cineole, 4 (10) - thujene, α - Terpinene,Linalool（linalool），α - terpineol（α-terpineol）， 4-terpineol, estragole, CIS anethole, anisaldehyde, α - bergamotene, z- β -farnesene, caryophyllene, tereph thaldehyde, β - bisabolene, α - humulene, methyl 3-methoxybenzoate Enzoate), β - se linene, α - copaene, p-methoxybenzene-2-one, δ - and γ - cadinene, β - guaiene,Nerolidol（nerolidol）， Elemol, Methylisoeugenol, β -maaliene, carotol, cedrol [4], p-methoxycinnamaldehyde [5].

3、 Pharmacological effects of star anise
1. bacteriostatic effect the decoction of this product has bacteriostatic effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus subtilis. The ethanol extract has strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, Diphtheria Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Escherichia coli and common pathogenic bacteria.
The inhibitory effect of alcohol extract on Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, Diphtheria Bacillus, etc.) in vitro was similar to that of penicillin potassium salt 20 units /ml; The bacteriostatic effect on Gram negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery bacillus, etc.) is similar to streptomycin sulfate 50 units /ml; Benzoic acid and salicylic acid with bacteriostatic effect on fungi greater than 1%.
2. irritant effect anisole in volatile oil has irritant effect, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and relieve abdominal pain; It can stimulate respiratory secretory cells and promote secretion. It can be used for expectoration.
. Normal dogs Po Chang Wan 200mg once, white blood cells increased in 24 hours, and 161% in 48 hours before treatment (P < 0.05). The operation was directly perfused into the intestine, and there was a significant increase in leukocytes in 6-24 hours, which was 166-181% of that before treatment (P < 0.01). For the leukopenia caused by cyclophosphamide in dogs, if methylpiperone is taken at the same time, all dogs can survive, and the white blood cells drop slowly and recover quickly. It has a good effect on leukopenia in patients with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
4. with estrogen activity anethole contained in this product has estrogen activity, and its activity is 50 mouse m.u./ml or 100 rat units (r.u./ml).